vim-patch:8.2.0559: clearing a struct is verbose

Problem:    Clearing a struct is verbose.
Solution:   Define and use CLEAR_FIELD() and CLEAR_POINTER().
https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/a80faa8930ed5a554beeb2727762538873135e83

Note: This only applies to ambiguous-width characters.

Problem
-------

In #19040, I reported two things that started happening somewhen in the
last three months when using neovim in hterm (the Chrome Secure Shell
terminal):

 1. Under certain circumstances, the window title (set by nvim
    [i0]) would appear over the line I was typing, corrupting the screen.
 2. If I changed my $TERM from xterm-256color to the new hterm-256color
    (available since ncurses >=20210320), the window title corruption
    was gone, but pane scrolling was broken.

Both problems are due to changes in the termcap files, their source of
truth being the ncurses project. See "Timeline of ncurses changes" below
for details.

Cause: title corruption
-----------------------

The title corruption when using hterm + TERM=xterm-256color can be
explained by event #4 (ncurses 2022-03-12) in the ncurses timeline:

The xterm-256color termcap file gained status line termcodes in ncurses
2022-03-12. These termcodes are used by Neovim to set the title when.
hterm does not have a status line. Due to ncurses versions earlier than
2022-03-12 missing the xterm status line capability, Neovim manually
fixed up [t0] the terminfo file if $TERM was xterm-256color. So if
before Neovim manually added fsl/tsl capabilties, and after they were
in the termcap file, why did hterm suddenly start getting corruption?
The answer is that the termcodes for these capabilties are different
when Neovim fixes them up, versus the one in the new termcap database:

   fsl=\E[0$}                  // from xterm-256color
   tsl=\E[2$~\E[1$}\E[%i%p1%d` // from xterm-256color

   fsl=\x07                    // patched by Neovim
   tsl=\x1b]0;                 // patched by Neovim

hterm ignores the latter, but corrupts the screen with the former.

Solution: Make hterm users set hterm-256color, which lacks the new
fsl/tsl codes. Also, to reduce superfluous work, stop patching in this
capability when hterm is detected (even if hterm would ignore the
patched version).

Cause: pane corruption
----------------------

The pane corruption when using hterm + TERM=hterm-256color, but NOT when
using hterm + TERM=xterm-256color can be explained by:

 - Neovim uses DECSLRM when available [p1] for performant scrolling.
 - Both the hterm-256color and xterm-256color termcap databases
   advertise support for DECSLRM (ncurses timeline #1, #2 and #3).
 - hterm does not support DESCLRM [p2] (note: it does support DESCTBM for
   top/bottom scrolling, but it's broken [p3] and not used by Neovim)
 - xterm-alikes that are not real xterm generally don't support DECSLRM
   either, so Neovim patches it out [p4].

When using hterm-256color, hterm is no longer considered an xterm-alike
by Neovim. As a result, DECSLRM is not cleared. hterm does not support
it, so corruption ensues.

This is a problem with the hterm-256color termcap file, but we're stuck
with it so the best we can do is patch over it.

Timeline of ncurses changes
---------------------------

 1. 2019-05-19: Part of the DECSLRM capability (smglr AKA set_lr_margin)
    added to vt420+lrmm, which xterm-256color inherits [n1]
 2. 2021-03-20: hterm-256color added, inheriting xterm-256colors. [n2]
 3. 2021-09-25: The *parm versions of smglr (AKA set_lr_margin) were
    added to vt420+lrmm [n3]. Namely:
     1. smglp AKA set_left_margin_parm, and
     2. smgrp AKA set_right_margin_parm
 4. 2022-03-12: (new) codes for fsl, bsl and tsl added to xterm (add
    dec+sl to xterm-new, per patch #371 -TD) [n4]

Fixes #19040.

[i0]: https://github.com/neovim/neovim/blob/3a4fa22badc5595afc0a994ead965ff32ccf6c76/src/nvim/tui/tui.c#L1377
[t0]: https://github.com/neovim/neovim/blob/3a4fa22badc5595afc0a994ead965ff32ccf6c76/src/nvim/tui/tui.c#L1728,L1729
[p1]: https://github.com/neovim/neovim/blob/3a4fa22badc5595afc0a994ead965ff32ccf6c76/src/nvim/tui/tui.c#L1196
[p2]: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=1175065&q=component%3APlatform%3EApps%3EDefault%3EHterm
[p3]: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=1298796&q=component%3APlatform%3EApps%3EDefault%3EHterm
[p4]: https://github.com/neovim/neovim/blob/3a4fa22badc5595afc0a994ead965ff32ccf6c76/src/nvim/tui/tui.c#L1740-L1752
[n1]: https://github.com/mirror/ncurses/commit/8f6d94b8d6211a2323caef53fa4c96c475ec9a6#diff-01544c577762d3308a1d232aa7afc79acf64b9a5057f88a004df82fda89549b7R2742
[n2]: https://github.com/mirror/ncurses/commit/c2650100f80134924eda8f22cd7cc1d1d919ee3d#diff-01544c577762d3308a1d232aa7afc79acf64b9a5057f88a004df82fda89549b7R5907
[n3]: https://github.com/mirror/ncurses/commit/f6b436c4fb50275df43ea10ba9c744fe195a327d#diff-01544c577762d3308a1d232aa7afc79acf64b9a5057f88a004df82fda89549b7R2842
[n4]: https://github.com/mirror/ncurses/commit/8bf8c836fe2c28238adbd62e71f03272efe155ad#diff-01544c577762d3308a1d232aa7afc79acf64b9a5057f88a004df82fda89549b7R4828

Signed-off-by: Nicolas Hillegeer <nicolas@hillegeer.com>

feat(tui): recognize keypad keys when using kitty keyboard protocol

* fix(test): screen.lua nil index
  When actual_rows and expected_rows are different avoid a nil index.
* fix(tui): resize at startup
  The deleted code is not needed after 402b4e8.
  It caused the condition to false positive when the function was called
  more than once before startup (first normal mode). Being itself what
  set the dimension and not the user, locking the size of the screen to
  an incorrect size.
  Make got_winch an int to mitigate: tui_grid_resize changing the size
  of the host terminal between the signal handler and the call to
  sigwinch_cb. Since the actual signal handler uv__signal_handle doesn't
  directly call the callback, the event loop does.

Fixes #17285
Fixes #15044
Fixes #11330

libuv does not call callback functions(uv_signal_cb) directly from signal
handlers. Therefore, there is no need to use volatile.

Ref. https://github.com/libuv/libuv/blob/1a91b51976a1adc6972081faa78b6b70022254d3/src/unix/signal.c#L183

Ref: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/84f546363068e4ddfe14a8a2a2322bb8d3a25417
Rename:
- `underlineline` to `underdouble`
- `underdot` to `underdotted`
- `underdash` to `underdashed`

`underdouble` also now takes higher precedence than `undercurl`.

drawback: tracing memory errors with ASAN is less accurate for arena
allocated memory.
Therefore, to start with it is being used for Object types around
serialization/deserialization exclusively. This is going to have
a large impact especially when TUI is refactored as a co-prosess
as all UI events will be serialized and deserialized by nvim itself.