runtime: Include vim-tutor-mode

vim-tutor-mode provides a mechanism to write and read interactive
tutorials in vim. It's aim is to replace the venerable vimtutor with a
more modern system.

The plugin's development is maintained at https://github.com/fmoralesc
/vim-tutor-mode

Closes #2351.

1 files changed, 955 insertions, 0 deletions

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+#             Welcome   to   the   VIM   Tutor
+
+Vim is a very powerful editor that has many commands, too many to explain in a
+tutor such as this. This tutor is designed to describe enough of the commands
+that you will be able to easily use Vim as an all-purpose editor. It is
+IMPORTANT to remember that this tutor is set up to teach by use. That means
+that you need to do the exercises to learn them properly. If you only read
+the text, you will soon forget what is most important!
+
+NOTE: The commands in the lessons will modify the text, but those changes won't
+be saved. Don't worry about messing things up; just remember that pressing
+[<Esc>](<Esc>) and then [u](u) will undo the latest change.
+
+This tutorial is interactive, and there are a few things you should know.
+Pressing [<Enter>](<Enter>) over text highlighted [like this](holy-grail) will take you to some relevant
+help (hopefully), and pressing K over any word will try to do so too. Sometimes
+you will be required to modify text like
+--->  this here {expect:this here}
+Once you have done the changes correctly, the ✗ sign at the left will change
+to ✓. I imagine you can already see how neat Vim can be ;)
+Other times, you'll be prompted to run a command (I'll explain this later):
+~~~ cmd
+    :help <Enter>
+~~~
+or press a sequence of keys
+~~~ normal
+    <Esc>0f<Space>d3wP$P
+~~~
+
+Text within <'s and >'s (like `<Enter>`{normal}) describes a key to press instead of text
+to type.
+
+Now, make sure that your Shift-Lock key is NOT depressed and press the `j`{normal}
+key enough times to move the cursor so that Lesson 1.1 completely fills the
+screen.
+
+## Lesson 1.1: MOVING THE CURSOR
+
+** To move the cursor, press the `h`, `j`, `k`, `l` keys as indicated. **
+
+         ↑
+         k          Hint: The h key is at the left and moves left.
+     ← h   l →            The l key is at the right and moves right.
+         j                The j key looks like a down arrow.
+         ↓
+
+  1. Move the cursor around the screen until you are comfortable.
+
+  2. Hold down the down key (j) until it repeats.
+     Now you know how to move to the next lesson.
+
+  3. Using the down key, move to Lesson 1.2.
+
+NOTE: If you are ever unsure about something you typed, press <Esc> to place
+      you in Normal mode.  Then retype the command you wanted.
+
+NOTE: The cursor keys should also work.  But using hjkl you will be able to
+      move around much faster, once you get used to it.  Really!
+
+# Lesson 1.2: EXITING VIM
+
+!! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read this entire lesson !!
+
+  1. Press the <Esc> key (to make sure you are in [Normal mode]().
+
+  2. Type:
+
+    `:q!`{vim} `<Enter>`{normal}.
+
+     This exits the editor, DISCARDING any changes you have made.
+
+  3. Open vim and get back here by executing the command that got you into this
+     tutor. That might be:
+
+     :Tutor <Enter>
+
+  4. If you have these steps memorized and are confident, execute steps
+     1 through 3 to exit and re-enter the editor.
+
+NOTE:  [:q!](:q) <Enter>  discards any changes you made.  In a few lessons you
+       will learn how to save the changes to a file.
+
+  5. Move the cursor down to Lesson 1.3.
+
+## Lesson 1.3: TEXT EDITING - DELETION
+
+** Press `x`{normal} to delete the character under the cursor. **
+
+1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
+
+2. To fix the errors, move the cursor until it is on top of the
+   character to be deleted.
+
+3. Press [the x key](x) to delete the unwanted character.
+
+4. Repeat steps 2 through 4 until the sentence is correct.
+
+---> The ccow jumpedd ovverr thhe mooon. {expect:The cow jumped over the moon.}
+
+5. Now that the line is correct, go on to Lesson 1.4.
+
+NOTE: As you go through this tutor, do not try to memorize, learn by usage.
+
+# Lesson 1.4: TEXT EDITING: INSERTION
+
+** Press `i`{normal} to insert text. **
+
+  1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
+
+  2. To make the first line the same as the second, move the cursor on top
+     of the first character AFTER where the text is to be inserted.
+
+  3. Press  i  and type in the necessary additions.
+
+  4. As each error is fixed press <Esc> to return to Normal mode.
+     Repeat steps 2 through 4 to correct the sentence.
+
+---> There is text misng this . {expect:There is some text missing from this line.}
+---> There is some text missing from this line. {expect:There is some text missing from this line.}
+
+  5. When you are comfortable inserting text move to lesson 1.5.
+
+# Lesson 1.5: TEXT EDITING: APPENDING
+
+** Press `A`{normal} to append text. **
+
+  1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
+     It does not matter on what character the cursor is in that line.
+
+  2. Press  [A](A)  and type in the necessary additions.
+
+  3. As the text has been appended press <Esc> to return to Normal mode.
+
+  4. Move the cursor to the second line marked ---> and repeat
+     steps 2 and 3 to correct this sentence.
+
+---> There is some text missing from th {expect:There is some text missing from this line.}
+---> There is some text missing from this line. {expect:There is some text missing from this line.}
+---> There is also some text miss {expect:There is also some text missing here.}
+---> There is also some text missing here. {expect:There is also some text missing here.}
+
+  5. When you are comfortable appending text move to lesson 1.6.
+
+# Lesson 1.6: EDITING A FILE
+
+** Use `:wq`{vim} to save a file and exit. **
+
+!! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read this entire lesson !!
+
+  1. Exit this tutor as you did in lesson 1.2:  :q!
+     Or, if you have access to another terminal, do the following there.
+
+  2. At the shell prompt type this command:
+~~~ sh
+     $ vim tutor
+~~~
+     'vim' is the command to start the Vim editor, 'tutor' is the name of the
+     file you wish to edit.  Use a file that may be changed.
+
+  3. Insert and delete text as you learned in the previous lessons.
+
+  4. Save the file with changes and exit Vim with:
+~~~ cmd
+     :wq
+~~~
+
+     Note you'll need to press `<Enter>` to execute the command.
+
+  5. If you have quit vimtutor in step 1 restart the vimtutor and move down to
+     the following summary.
+
+  6. After reading the above steps and understanding them: do it.
+
+# Lesson 1 SUMMARY
+
+  1. The cursor is moved using either the arrow keys or the hjkl keys.
+     h (left)   j (down)       k (up)       l (right)
+
+  2. To start Vim from the shell prompt type:
+
+~~~ sh
+    $ vim FILENAME
+~~~
+
+  3. To exit Vim type:     <Esc>   :q!   <Enter>  to trash all changes.
+         OR type:      <Esc>   :wq   <Enter>  to save the changes.
+
+  4. To delete the character at the cursor type:  `x`{normal}
+
+  5. To insert or append text type:
+     `i`{normal} type inserted text `<Esc>`{normal}     insert before the cursor
+     `A`{normal} type appended text `<Esc>`{normal}     append after the line
+
+NOTE: Pressing `<Esc>`{normal} will place you in Normal mode or will cancel
+      an unwanted and partially completed command.
+
+Now continue with Lesson 2.
+
+# Lesson 2.1: DELETION COMMANDS
+
+** Type `dw`{normal} to delete a word. **
+
+  1. Press `<Esc>`{normal} to make sure you are in Normal mode.
+
+  2. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
+
+  3. Move the cursor to the beginning of a word that needs to be deleted.
+
+  4. Type [d](d)[w](w)   to make the word disappear.
+
+---> There are a some words fun that don't belong paper in this sentence. {expect:There are some words that don't belong in this sentence.}
+
+  5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the sentence is correct and go to Lesson 2.2.
+
+# Lesson 2.2: MORE DELETION COMMANDS
+
+** Type `d$`{normal}  to delete to the end of the line. **
+
+  1. Press  <Esc>  to make sure you are in Normal mode.
+
+  2. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
+
+  3. Move the cursor to the end of the correct line (AFTER the first . ).
+
+  4. Type `d$`{normal} to delete to the end of the line.
+
+---> Somebody typed the end of this line twice. end of this line twice. {expect:ANYTHING}
+
+  5. Move on to Lesson 2.3 to understand what is happening.
+
+# Lesson 2.3: ON OPERATORS AND MOTIONS
+
+
+Many commands that change text are made from an [operator](operator) and a [motion](navigation).
+The format for a delete command with the  [d](d)  delete operator is as follows:
+
+    d   motion
+
+  Where:
+    d      - is the delete operator.
+    motion - is what the operator will operate on (listed below).
+
+  A short list of motions:
+    [w](w) - until the start of the next word, EXCLUDING its first character.
+    [e](e) - to the end of the current word, INCLUDING the last character.
+    [$]($) - to the end of the line, INCLUDING the last character.
+
+  Thus typing  `de`{normal}  will delete from the cursor to the end of the word.
+
+NOTE:  Pressing just the motion while in Normal mode without an operator will
+       move the cursor as specified.
+
+# Lesson 2.4: USING A COUNT FOR A MOTION
+
+** Typing a number before a motion repeats it that many times. **
+
+  1. Move the cursor to the start of the line marked ---> below.
+
+  2. Type  `2w`{normal}  to move the cursor two words forward.
+
+  3. Type  `3e`{normal}  to move the cursor to the end of the third word forward.
+
+  4. Type  `0`{normal}  ([zero](0)) to move to the start of the line.
+
+  5. Repeat steps 2 and 3 with different numbers.
+
+---> This is just a line with words you can move around in. {expect:ANYTHING}
+
+  6. Move on to Lesson 2.5.
+
+# Lesson 2.5: USING A COUNT TO DELETE MORE
+
+** Typing a number with an operator repeats it that many times. **
+
+In the combination of the delete operator and a motion mentioned above you
+insert a count before the motion to delete more:
+     d   number   motion
+
+  1. Move the cursor to the first UPPER CASE word in the line marked --->.
+
+  2. Type  `d2w`{normal}  to delete the two UPPER CASE words
+
+  3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 with a different count to delete the consecutive
+     UPPER CASE words with one command
+
+---> this ABC DE line FGHI JK LMN OP of words is Q RS TUV cleaned up. {expect:this line of words is cleaned up.}
+
+# Lesson 2.6: OPERATING ON LINES
+
+** Type  dd   to delete a whole line. **
+
+  Due to the frequency of whole line deletion, the designers of Vi decided
+  it would be easier to simply type two d's to delete a line.
+
+  1. Move the cursor to the second line in the phrase below.
+  2. Type  [dd](dd)  to delete the line.
+  3. Now move to the fourth line.
+  4. Type `2dd`{normal} to delete two lines.
+
+--->  1)  Roses are red, {expect:ANYTHING}
+--->  2)  Mud is fun, {expect:ANYTHING}
+--->  3)  Violets are blue, {expect:ANYTHING}
+--->  4)  I have a car, {expect:ANYTHING}
+--->  5)  Clocks tell time, {expect:ANYTHING}
+--->  6)  Sugar is sweet {expect:ANYTHING}
+--->  7)  And so are you. {expect:ANYTHING}
+
+# Lesson 2.7: THE UNDO COMMAND
+
+** Press u to undo the last commands, U to fix a whole line. **
+
+  1. Move the cursor to the line below marked ---> and place it on the
+     first error.
+  2. Type  `x`{normal}  to delete the first unwanted character.
+  3. Now type  `u`{normal}  to undo the last command executed.
+  4. This time fix all the errors on the line using the  `x`{normal}  command.
+  5. Now type a capital  `U`{normal}  to return the line to its original state.
+  6. Now type  `u`{normal}  a few times to undo the  U  and preceding commands.
+  7. Now type  `<Ctrl-r>`{normal}  a few times to redo the commands (undo the undo's).
+
+---> Fiix the errors oon thhis line and reeplace them witth undo. {expect:Fix the errors on this line and replace them with undo.}
+
+  8. These are very useful commands.  Now move on to the Lesson 2 Summary.
+
+# Lesson 2 SUMMARY
+
+  1. To delete from the cursor up to the next word type:    `dw`{normal}
+  2. To delete from the cursor to the end of a line type:   `d$`{normal}
+  3. To delete a whole line type:                           `dd`{normal}
+  4. To repeat a motion prepend it with a number:           `2w`{normal}
+
+  5. The format for a change command is:
+               operator   [number]   motion
+     where:
+       operator -   is what to do, such as  [d](d)  for delete
+       [number] -   is an optional count to repeat the motion
+       motion   -   moves over the text to operate on, such as:
+                        [w](w) (word),
+                        [$]($) (to the end of line), etc.
+
+  6. To move to the start of the line use a zero:  [0](0)
+
+  7. To undo previous actions, type:            `u`{normal}  (lowercase u)
+     To undo all the changes on a line, type:   `U`{normal}  (capital U)
+     To undo the undo's, type:                  `<Ctrl-r>`{normal}
+
+# Lesson 3.1: THE PUT COMMAND
+
+** Type p to put previously deleted text after the cursor. **
+
+  1. Move the cursor to the first ---> line below.
+
+  2. Type  `dd`{normal}  to delete the line and store it in a Vim register.
+
+  3. Move the cursor to the c) line, ABOVE where the deleted line should go.
+
+  4. Type `p`{normal}   to put the line below the cursor.
+
+  5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 to put all the lines in correct order.
+
+---> d) Can you learn too? {expect:ANYTHING}
+---> b) Violets are blue, {expect:ANYTHING}
+---> c) Intelligence is learned, {expect:ANYTHING}
+---> a) Roses are red, {expect:ANYTHING}
+
+# Lesson 3.2: THE REPLACE COMMAND
+
+** Type `rx`{normal} to replace the character at the cursor with x. **
+
+  1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
+
+  2. Move the cursor so that it is on top of the first error.
+
+  3. Type `r`{normal} and then the character which should be there.
+
+  4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the first line is equal to the second one.
+
+---> Whan this lime was tuoed in, someone presswd some wrojg keys! {expect:When this line was typed in, someone pressed some wrong keys!}
+---> When this line was typed in, someone pressed some wrong keys! {expect:When this line was typed in, someone pressed some wrong keys!}
+
+  5. Now move on to Lesson 3.3.
+
+NOTE: Remember that you should be learning by doing, not memorization.
+
+# Lesson 3.3: THE CHANGE OPERATOR
+
+** To change until the end of a word, type `ce`{normal}  **
+
+  1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
+
+  2. Place the cursor on the  "u"  in  "lubw".
+
+  3. Type `ce`{normal} and the correct word (in this case, type "ine" ).
+
+  4. Press `<Esc>`{normal} and move to the next character that needs to be changed.
+
+  5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the first sentence is the same as the second.
+
+---> This lubw has a few wptfd that mrrf changing usf the change operator. {expect:This line has a few words that need changing using the change operator.}
+---> This line has a few words that need changing using the change operator. {expect:This line has a few words that need changing using the change operator.}
+
+Notice that [c](c)e deletes the word and places you in Insert mode.
+
+# Lesson 3.4: MORE CHANGES USING c
+
+** The change operator is used with the same motions as delete. **
+
+  1. The change operator works in the same way as delete.  The format is:
+
+         c    [number]   motion
+
+  2. The motions are the same, such as `w`{normal} (word) and `$`{normal} (end of line).
+
+  3. Move to the first line below marked --->.
+
+  4. Move the cursor to the first error.
+
+  5. Type `c$`{normal} and type the rest of the line like the second and press `<Esc>`{normal}.
+
+---> The end of this line needs some help to make it like the second. {expect:The end of this line needs to be corrected using the  c$  command.}
+---> The end of this line needs to be corrected using the  c$  command. {expect:The end of this line needs to be corrected using the  c$  command.}
+
+NOTE:  You can use the Backspace key to correct mistakes while typing.
+
+# Lesson 3 SUMMARY
+
+  1. To put back text that has just been deleted, type [p](p).  This puts the
+     deleted text AFTER the cursor (if a line was deleted it will go on the
+     line below the cursor).
+
+  2. To replace the character under the cursor, type [r](r) and then the
+     character you want to have there.
+
+  3. The [change operator](c) allows you to change from the cursor to where the
+     motion takes you.  eg. Type  `ce`{normal}  to change from the cursor to the end of
+     the word,  `c$`{normal}  to change to the end of a line.
+
+  4. The format for change is:
+
+     c   [number]   motion
+
+Now go on to the next lesson.
+
+# Lesson 4.1: CURSOR LOCATION AND FILE STATUS
+
+** Type `<Ctrl-g>`{normal} to show your location in the file and the file status.
+ Type  `G`{normal}  to move to a line in the file. **
+
+NOTE: Read this entire lesson before executing any of the steps!!
+
+  1. Hold down the `<Ctrl>`{normal} key and press `g`{normal}.  We call this `<Ctrl-g>`{normal}.
+     A message will appear at the bottom of the page with the filename and the
+     position in the file.  Remember the line number for Step 3.
+
+NOTE:  You may see the cursor position in the lower right corner of the screen
+       This happens when the ['ruler']('ruler') option is set (see  :help 'ruler'  )
+
+  2. Press [G](G)  to move you to the bottom of the file.
+     Type  [gg](gg)  to move you to the start of the file.
+
+  3. Type the number of the line you were on and then  `G`{normal} .  This will
+     return you to the line you were on when you first pressed `<Ctrl-g>`{normal}.
+
+  4. If you feel confident to do this, execute steps 1 through 3.
+
+# Lesson 4.2: THE SEARCH COMMAND
+
+** Type `/`{normal} followed by a phrase to search for the phrase. **
+
+  1. In Normal mode type the  `/`{normal} character.  Notice that it and the cursor
+     appear at the bottom of the screen as with the  :  command.
+
+  2. Now type 'errroor' `<Enter>`{normal}.  This is the word you want to search for.
+
+  3. To search for the same phrase again, simply type  [n](n) .
+     To search for the same phrase in the opposite direction, type  [N](N) .
+
+  4. To search for a phrase in the backward direction, use  [?](?)  instead of  / .
+
+  5. To go back to where you came from press  `<Ctrl-o>`{normal}  (Keep Ctrl down while
+     pressing the letter o).  Repeat to go back further.  `<Ctrl-i>`{normal} goes forward.
+
+--->  "errroor" is not the way to spell error;  errroor is an error. {expect:ANYTHING}
+
+NOTE: When the search reaches the end of the file it will continue at the
+      start, unless the ['wrapscan']('wrapscan') option has been reset.
+
+# Lesson 4.3: MATCHING PARENTHESES SEARCH
+
+** Type `%`{normal} to find a matching ),], or }. **
+
+  1. Place the cursor on any (, [, or { in the line below marked --->.
+
+  2. Now type the  [%](%)  character.
+
+  3. The cursor will move to the matching parenthesis or bracket.
+
+  4. Type `%`{normal} to move the cursor to the other matching bracket.
+
+  5. Move the cursor to another (,),[,],{ or } and see what `%`{normal} does.
+
+---> This ( is a test line with ('s, ['s ] and {'s } in it. )) {expect:ANYTHING}
+
+NOTE: This is very useful in debugging a program with unmatched parentheses!
+
+# Lesson 4.4: THE SUBSTITUTE COMMAND
+
+** Type `:s/old/new/g` to substitute "new" for "old". **
+
+  1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
+
+  2. Type
+~~~ cmd
+    :s/thee/the/
+~~~
+
+    NOTE that the [:s](:s) command only changed the first occurrence of "thee" in the line.
+
+  3. Now type
+~~~ cmd
+     :s/thee/the/g
+~~~
+
+     Adding the g [flag](:s_flags) means to substitute globally in the line, change
+     all occurrences of "thee" in the line.
+
+---> thee best time to see thee flowers is in thee spring. {expect:the best time to see the flowers is in the spring.}
+
+  4. To change every occurrence of a character string between two lines, type
+~~~ cmd
+     :#,#s/old/new/g
+~~~
+     where #,# are the line numbers of the range of lines where the substitution is to be done.
+
+     Type
+~~~ cmd
+     :%s/old/new/g
+~~~
+     to change every occurrence in the whole file.
+
+     Type
+~~~ cmd
+     :%s/old/new/gc
+~~~
+     to find every occurrence in the whole file, with a prompt whether to substitute or not.
+
+# Lesson 4 SUMMARY
+
+  1. `<Ctrl-g>`{normal}     displays your location in the file and the file status.
+             `G`{normal}    moves to the end of the file.
+     number  `G`{normal}    moves to that line number.
+            `gg`{normal}    moves to the first line.
+
+  2. Typing `/`{normal} followed by a phrase searches FORWARD for the phrase.
+     Typing `?`{normal} followed by a phrase searches BACKWARD for the phrase.
+     After a search type `n`{normal} to find the next occurrence in the same direction
+                      or `N`{normal} to search in the opposite direction.
+     `<Ctrl-o>`{normal} takes you back to older positions, `<Ctrl-i>`{normal} to newer positions.
+
+  3. Typing `%`{normal} while the cursor is on a (,),[,],{, or } goes to its match.
+
+  4. To substitute new for the first old in a line type
+~~~ cmd
+        :s/old/new
+~~~
+     To substitute new for all 'old's on a line type
+~~~ cmd
+        :s/old/new/g
+~~~
+     To substitute phrases between two line #'s type
+~~~ cmd
+        :#,#s/old/new/g
+~~~
+     To substitute all occurrences in the file type
+~~~ cmd
+        :%s/old/new/g
+~~~
+     To ask for confirmation each time add 'c'
+~~~ cmd
+        :%s/old/new/gc
+~~~
+
+# Lesson 5.1: HOW TO EXECUTE AN EXTERNAL COMMAND
+
+** Type `:!`{vim} followed by an external command to execute that command. **
+
+  1. Type the familiar command `:`{normal} to set the cursor at the bottom of the
+     screen.  This allows you to enter a command-line command.
+
+  2. Now type the [!](!cmd) (exclamation point) character.  This allows you to
+     execute any external shell command.
+
+  3. As an example type "ls" following the "!" and then hit `<Enter>`{normal}.  This
+     will show you a listing of your directory, just as if you were at the
+     shell prompt.
+
+NOTE:  It is possible to execute any external command this way, also with
+       arguments.
+
+NOTE:  All  :  commands must be finished by hitting <Enter>
+       From here on we will not always mention it.
+
+# Lesson 5.2: MORE ON WRITING FILES
+
+** To save the changes made to the text, type `:w`{vim} FILENAME. **
+
+  1. Type `:!ls`{vim} to get a listing of your directory.
+     You already know you must hit `<Enter>`{normal} after this.
+
+  2. Choose a filename that does not exist yet, such as TEST.
+
+  3. Now type:
+~~~ cmd
+        :w TEST
+~~~
+    (where TEST is the filename you chose.)
+
+  4. This saves the whole file (the Vim Tutor) under the name TEST.
+     To verify this, type `:!ls`{vim} again to see your directory.
+
+NOTE: If you were to exit Vim and start it again with  vim TEST , the file
+      would be an exact copy of the tutor when you saved it.
+
+  5. Now remove the file by typing:
+~~~ cmd
+        :!rm TEST
+~~~
+
+# Lesson 5.3: SELECTING TEXT TO WRITE
+
+** To save part of the file, type `v`{normal} motion  `:w FILENAME`{vim} **
+
+  1. Move the cursor to this line.
+
+  2. Press [v](v) and move the cursor to the fifth item below.  Notice that the
+     text is highlighted.
+
+  3. Press the `:`{normal} character.  At the bottom of the screen
+
+        :'<,'>
+
+    will appear.
+
+  4. Type
+
+        `:w TEST`{vim}
+
+     where TEST is a filename that does not exist yet.  Verify that you see
+
+        `:'<,'>w TEST`{vim}
+
+     before you press `<Enter>`{normal}.
+
+  5. Vim will write the selected lines to the file TEST.  Use `:!ls`{vim} to see it.
+     Do not remove it yet!  We will use it in the next lesson.
+
+NOTE:  Pressing [v](v) starts [Visual selection](visual-mode). You can move
+       the cursor around to make the selection bigger or smaller. Then you can
+       use an operator to do something with the text. For example, `d`{normal} deletes
+       the text.
+
+# Lesson 5.4: RETRIEVING AND MERGING FILES
+
+** To insert the contents of a file, type `:r FILENAME`{vim}  **
+
+  1. Place the cursor just above this line.
+
+NOTE:  After executing Step 2 you will see text from Lesson 5.3.  Then move
+       DOWN to see this lesson again.
+
+  2. Now retrieve your TEST file using the command
+
+        `:r TEST`{vim}
+
+     where TEST is the name of the file you used.
+     The file you retrieve is placed below the cursor line.
+
+  3. To verify that a file was retrieved, cursor back and notice that there
+     are now two copies of Lesson 5.3, the original and the file version.
+
+NOTE:  You can also read the output of an external command.  For example,
+
+       `:r !ls`{vim}
+
+       reads the output of the `ls` command and puts it below the cursor.
+
+# Lesson 5 SUMMARY
+
+  1.  [:!command](:!cmd)  executes an external command.
+
+      Some useful examples are:
+      `:!ls`{vim}              -  shows a directory listing
+      `:!rm FILENAME`{vim}     -  removes file FILENAME
+
+  2.  [:w](:w) FILENAME             writes the current Vim file to disk with
+                                    name FILENAME.
+
+  3.  [v](v)  motion  :w FILENAME   saves the Visually selected lines in file
+                                    FILENAME.
+
+  4.  [:r](:r) FILENAME             retrieves disk file FILENAME and puts it
+                                    below the cursor position.
+
+  5.  [:r !dir](:r!)                reads the output of the dir command and
+                                    puts it below the cursor position.
+
+# Lesson 6.1: THE OPEN COMMAND
+
+** Type `o`{normal} to open a line below the cursor and place you in Insert mode. **
+
+  1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
+
+  2. Type the lowercase letter `o`{normal} to [open](o) up a line BELOW the cursor and place
+     you in Insert mode.
+
+  3. Now type some text and press `<Esc>`{normal} to exit Insert mode.
+
+---> After typing  o  the cursor is placed on the open line in Insert mode. {expect:ANYTHING}
+
+  4. To open up a line ABOVE the cursor, simply type a [capital O](O), rather
+     than a lowercase `o`{normal}.  Try this on the line below.
+
+---> Open up a line above this by typing O while the cursor is on this line. {expect:ANYTHING}
+
+# Lesson 6.2: THE APPEND COMMAND
+
+** Type `a`{normal} to insert text AFTER the cursor. **
+
+  1. Move the cursor to the start of the line below marked --->.
+
+  2. Press `e`{normal} until the cursor is on the end of "li".
+
+  3. Type an `a`{normal} (lowercase) to [append](a) text AFTER the cursor.
+
+  4. Complete the word like the line below it.  Press `<Esc>`{normal} to exit Insert
+     mode.
+
+  5. Use `e`{normal} to move to the next incomplete word and repeat steps 3 and 4.
+
+---> This li will allow you to pract appendi text to a line. {expect:This line will allow you to practice appending text to a line.}
+---> This line will allow you to practice appending text to a line. {expect:This line will allow you to practice appending text to a line.}
+
+NOTE:  [a](a), [i](i) and [A](A) all go to the same Insert mode, the only difference is where
+       the characters are inserted.
+
+# Lesson 6.3: ANOTHER WAY TO REPLACE
+
+** Type a capital `R`{normal} to replace more than one character. **
+
+  1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.  Move the cursor to
+     the beginning of the first "xxx".
+
+  2. Now press `R`{normal} ([capital R](R)) and type the number below it in the second line, so that it
+     replaces the "xxx".
+
+  3. Press `<Esc>`{normal} to leave [Replace mode](mode-replace).  Notice that the rest of the line
+     remains unmodified.
+
+  4. Repeat the steps to replace the remaining "xxx".
+
+---> Adding 123 to xxx gives you xxx. {expect:Adding 123 to 456 gives you 579.}
+---> Adding 123 to 456 gives you 579. {expect:Adding 123 to 456 gives you 579.}
+
+NOTE:  Replace mode is like Insert mode, but every typed character deletes an
+       existing character.
+
+# Lesson 6.4: COPY AND PASTE TEXT
+
+** Use the `y`{normal} operator to copy text and `p`{normal} to paste it **
+
+  1. Go to the line marked with ---> below and place the cursor after "a)".
+
+  2. Start Visual mode with `v`{normal} and move the cursor to just before "first".
+
+  3. Type `y`{normal} to [yank](yank) (copy) the highlighted text.
+
+  4. Move the cursor to the end of the next line: `j$`{normal}
+
+  5. Type `p`{normal} to [put](put) (paste) the text.  Then type:  "a second"`<Esc>`{normal}.
+
+  6. Use Visual mode to select " item.", yank it with `y`{normal}, move to the end of
+     the next line with `j$`{normal} and put the text there with `p`{normal}.
+
+---> a) this is the first item.
+--->     b)  {expect:    b) this is the second item}
+
+  NOTE: you can also use `y`{normal} as an operator; `yw`{normal} yanks one word.
+
+# Lesson 6.5: SET OPTION
+
+** Set an option so a search or substitute ignores case **
+
+  1. Search for 'ignore' by entering:   `/ignore`
+     Repeat several times by pressing `n`{normal}.
+
+  2. Set the 'ic' (Ignore case) option by entering:
+~~~ cmd
+        :set ic
+~~~
+  3. Now search for 'ignore' again by pressing  n
+     Notice that Ignore and IGNORE are now also found.
+
+  4. Set the 'hlsearch' and 'incsearch' options:
+~~~ cmd
+        :set hls is
+~~~
+  5. Now type the search command again and see what happens:  /ignore <Enter>
+
+  6. To disable ignoring case enter:
+~~~ cmd
+        :set noic
+~~~
+  7. To toggle the value of a setting, prepend it with "inv":
+~~~ cmd
+        :set invic
+~~~
+NOTE:  To remove the highlighting of matches enter:
+~~~ cmd
+        :nohlsearch
+~~~
+NOTE:  If you want to ignore case for just one search command, use  [\c](/\c)
+       in the phrase:  /ignore\c  <Enter>
+
+# Lesson 6 SUMMARY
+
+  1. Type `o`{normal} to open a line BELOW the cursor and start Insert mode.
+     Type `O`{normal} to open a line ABOVE the cursor.
+
+  2. Type `a`{normal} to insert text AFTER the cursor.
+     Type `A`{normal} to insert text after the end of the line.
+
+  3. The `e`{normal} command moves to the end of a word.
+
+  4. The `y`{normal} operator yanks (copies) text, `p`{normal} puts (pastes) it.
+
+  5. Typing a capital `R`{normal} enters Replace mode until `<Esc>`{normal} is pressed.
+
+  6. Typing "[:set](:set) xxx" sets the option "xxx".  Some options are:
+
+        'ic' 'ignorecase'   ignore upper/lower case when searching
+        'is' 'incsearch'    show partial matches for a search phrase
+        'hls' 'hlsearch'    highlight all matching phrases
+
+     You can either use the long or the short option name.
+
+  7. Prepend "no" to switch an option off:
+~~~ cmd
+        :set noic
+~~~
+  8. Prepend "inv" to toggle an option:
+~~~ cmd
+        :set invic
+~~~
+
+# Lesson 7.1: GETTING HELP
+
+** Use the on-line help system **
+
+Vim has a comprehensive on-line help system.  To get started, try one of
+these three:
+    - press the `<HELP>`{normal} key (if you have one)
+    - press the `<F1>`{normal} key (if you have one)
+    - type
+        `:help`{vim}
+
+Read the text in the help window to find out how the help works.
+Type `<Ctrl-w><Ctrl-w>`{normal} to jump from one window to another.
+Type `:q`{vim} to close the help window.
+
+You can find help on just about any subject, by giving an argument to the
+":help" command.  Try these (don't forget pressing <Enter>):
+~~~ cmd
+    :help w
+    :help c_CTRL-D
+    :help insert-index
+    :help user-manual
+~~~
+# Lesson 7.2: CREATE A STARTUP SCRIPT
+
+** Enable Vim features **
+
+Vim has many more features than Vi, but most of them are disabled by
+default.  To start using more features you have to create a "vimrc" file.
+
+  1. Start editing the "vimrc" file.  This depends on your system:
+    `:e ~/.vimrc`{vim}     for Unix-like systems
+    `:e $VIM/_vimrc`{vim}      for Microsoft Windows
+
+  2. Now read the example "vimrc" file contents:
+    `:r $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim`{vim}
+
+  3. Write the file with:
+    `:w`{vim}
+
+  The next time you start Vim it will use syntax highlighting.
+  You can add all your preferred settings to this "vimrc" file.
+  For more information type  :help vimrc-intro
+
+# Lesson 7.3: COMPLETION
+
+** Command line completion with `<Ctrl-d>`{normal} and `<Tab>`{normal} **
+
+  1. Look what files exist in the directory:  `:!ls`{vim}
+
+  2. Type the start of a command:  `:e`{vim}
+
+  3. Press `<Ctrl-d>`{normal} and Vim will show a list of commands that start with "e".
+
+  4. Press `<Tab>`{normal} and Vim will complete the command name to ":edit".
+
+  5. Now add a space and the start of an existing file name: `:edit FIL`{vim}
+
+  6. Press `<Tab>`{normal}.  Vim will complete the name (if it is unique).
+
+NOTE:  Completion works for many commands. It is especially useful for `:help`{vim}.
+
+# Lesson 7 SUMMARY
+
+  1. Type `:help`{vim}
+     or press `<F1>`{normal} or `<Help>`{normal} to open a help window.
+
+  2. Type  `:help TOPIC`{vim} to find help on TOPIC.
+
+  3. Type  `<Ctrl-w><Ctrl-w>`{normal}  to jump to another window
+
+  4. Type  `:q`{vim}  to close the help window
+
+  5. Create a vimrc startup script to keep your preferred settings.
+
+  6. While in command mode, press `<Ctrl-d>`{normal} to see possible completions.
+     Press `<Tab>`{normal} to use one completion.
+
+# CONCLUSION
+
+This was intended to give a brief overview of the Vim editor, just enough to
+allow you to use the editor fairly easily. It is far from complete as Vim has
+many many more commands.  Consult the help often.
+
+There are many resources online to learn more about vim. Here's a bunch of them:
+
+- *Learn Vim Progressively*: http://yannesposito.com/Scratch/en/blog/Learn-Vim-Progressively/
+- *Learning Vim in 2014*: http://benmccormick.org/learning-vim-in-2014/
+- Vimcasts: http://vimcasts.org/
+- Vim Video-Tutorials by Derek Wyatt: http://derekwyatt.org/vim/tutorials/
+- *Learn Vimscript the Hard Way*: http://learnvimscriptthehardway.stevelosh.com/
+- *7 Habits of Effective Text Editing*: http://www.moolenaar.net/habits.html
+
+If you prefer a book, *Practival Vim* by Drew Neil is recommended often.
+
+This tutorial was written by Michael C. Pierce and Robert K. Ware, Colorado
+School of Mines using ideas supplied by Charles Smith, Colorado State
+University.  E-mail: bware@mines.colorado.edu.
+
+Modified for Vim by Bram Moolenaar.
+Modified for vim-tutor-mode by Felipe Morales.