terminal: New module that implements a terminal emulator

This commit integrates libvterm with Neovim and implements a terminal emulator
with nvim buffers as the display mechanism. Terminal buffers can be created
using any of the following methods:

- Opening a file with name following the "term://[${cwd}//[${pid}:]]${cmd}"
  URI pattern where:
  - cwd is the working directory of the process
  - pid is the process id. This is just for use in session files where a pid
    would have been assigned to the saved buffer title.
  - cmd is the command to run
- Invoking the `:terminal` ex command
- Invoking the `termopen` function which returns a job id for automating the
  terminal window.

Some extra changes were also implemented to adapt with terminal buffers. Here's
an overview:

- The `main` function now sets a BufReadCmd autocmd to intercept the term:// URI
  and spawn the terminal buffer instead of reading the file.
- terminal buffers behave as if the following local buffer options were set:
  - `nomodifiable`
  - `swapfile`
  - `undolevels=-1`
  - `bufhidden=hide`
- All commands that delete buffers(`:bun`, `:bd` and `:bw`) behave the same for
  terminal buffers, but only work when bang is passed(eg: `:bwipeout!`)
- A new "terminal" mode was added. A consequence is that a new set of mapping
  commands were implemented with the "t" prefix(tmap, tunmap, tnoremap...)
- The `edit` function(which enters insert mode) will actually enter terminal
  mode if the current buffer is a terminal
- The `put` operator was adapted to send data to the terminal instead of
  modifying the buffer directly.
- A window being resized will also trigger a terminal resize if the window
  displays the terminal.

1 files changed, 11 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/nvim/main.c b/src/nvim/main.c
index 9f4bc22ae0..47bb2bc515 100644
--- a/src/nvim/main.c
+++ b/src/nvim/main.c
@@ -285,6 +285,17 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
     input_start_stdin(fd);
   }
 
+  // open terminals when opening files that start with term://
+  do_cmdline_cmd((uint8_t *)
+      "autocmd BufReadCmd term://* "
+      ":call termopen( "
+      // Capture the command string 
+      "matchstr(expand(\"<amatch>\"), "
+      "'\\c\\mterm://\\%(.\\{-}//\\%(\\d\\+:\\)\\?\\)\\?\\zs.*'), "
+      // capture the working directory
+      "get(matchlist(expand(\"<amatch>\"), "
+      "'\\c\\mterm://\\(.\\{-}\\)//'), 1, ''))");
+
   /* Execute --cmd arguments. */
   exe_pre_commands(&params);