/// @file ex_eval.c
///
/// Functions for Ex command line for the +eval feature.
#include <assert.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "nvim/ascii_defs.h"
#include "nvim/charset.h"
#include "nvim/debugger.h"
#include "nvim/errors.h"
#include "nvim/eval.h"
#include "nvim/eval/typval.h"
#include "nvim/eval/typval_defs.h"
#include "nvim/eval/userfunc.h"
#include "nvim/eval_defs.h"
#include "nvim/ex_cmds_defs.h"
#include "nvim/ex_docmd.h"
#include "nvim/ex_eval.h"
#include "nvim/ex_eval_defs.h"
#include "nvim/gettext_defs.h"
#include "nvim/globals.h"
#include "nvim/memory.h"
#include "nvim/message.h"
#include "nvim/option_vars.h"
#include "nvim/regexp.h"
#include "nvim/regexp_defs.h"
#include "nvim/runtime.h"
#include "nvim/runtime_defs.h"
#include "nvim/strings.h"
#include "nvim/vim_defs.h"

#ifdef INCLUDE_GENERATED_DECLARATIONS
# include "ex_eval.c.generated.h"
#endif

static const char e_multiple_else[] = N_("E583: Multiple :else");
static const char e_multiple_finally[] = N_("E607: Multiple :finally");

// Exception handling terms:
//
//      :try            ":try" command         ─┐
//          ...         try block               │
//      :catch RE       ":catch" command        │
//          ...         catch clause            ├─ try conditional
//      :finally        ":finally" command      │
//          ...         finally clause          │
//      :endtry         ":endtry" command      ─┘
//
// The try conditional may have any number of catch clauses and at most one
// finally clause.  A ":throw" command can be inside the try block, a catch
// clause, the finally clause, or in a function called or script sourced from
// there or even outside the try conditional.  Try conditionals may be nested.

// Configuration whether an exception is thrown on error or interrupt.  When
// the preprocessor macros below evaluate to false, an error (did_emsg) or
// interrupt (got_int) under an active try conditional terminates the script
// after the non-active finally clauses of all active try conditionals have been
// executed.  Otherwise, errors and/or interrupts are converted into catchable
// exceptions (did_throw additionally set), which terminate the script only if
// not caught.  For user exceptions, only did_throw is set.  (Note: got_int can
// be set asynchronously afterwards by a SIGINT, so did_throw && got_int is not
// a reliant test that the exception currently being thrown is an interrupt
// exception.  Similarly, did_emsg can be set afterwards on an error in an
// (unskipped) conditional command inside an inactive conditional, so did_throw
// && did_emsg is not a reliant test that the exception currently being thrown
// is an error exception.)  -  The macros can be defined as expressions checking
// for a variable that is allowed to be changed during execution of a script.

// Values used for the Vim release.
#define THROW_ON_ERROR true
#define THROW_ON_ERROR_TRUE
#define THROW_ON_INTERRUPT true
#define THROW_ON_INTERRUPT_TRUE

// Don't do something after an error, interrupt, or throw, or when
// there is a surrounding conditional and it was not active.
#define CHECK_SKIP \
  (did_emsg \
   || got_int \
   || did_throw \
   || (cstack->cs_idx > 0 \
       && !(cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx - 1] & CSF_ACTIVE)))

static void discard_pending_return(typval_T *p)
{
  tv_free(p);
}

// When several errors appear in a row, setting "force_abort" is delayed until
// the failing command returned.  "cause_abort" is set to true meanwhile, in
// order to indicate that situation.  This is useful when "force_abort" was set
// during execution of a function call from an expression: the aborting of the
// expression evaluation is done without producing any error messages, but all
// error messages on parsing errors during the expression evaluation are given
// (even if a try conditional is active).
static bool cause_abort = false;

/// @return  true when immediately aborting on error, or when an interrupt
///          occurred or an exception was thrown but not caught.
///
/// Use for ":{range}call" to check whether an aborted function that does not
/// handle a range itself should be called again for the next line in the range.
/// Also used for cancelling expression evaluation after a function call caused
/// an immediate abort.  Note that the first emsg() call temporarily resets
/// "force_abort" until the throw point for error messages has been reached.
/// That is, during cancellation of an expression evaluation after an aborting
/// function call or due to a parsing error, aborting() always returns the same
/// value. "got_int" is also set by calling interrupt().
bool aborting(void)
{
  return (did_emsg && force_abort) || got_int || did_throw;
}

/// The value of "force_abort" is temporarily reset by the first emsg() call
/// during an expression evaluation, and "cause_abort" is used instead.  It might
/// be necessary to restore "force_abort" even before the throw point for the
/// error message has been reached.  update_force_abort() should be called then.
void update_force_abort(void)
{
  if (cause_abort) {
    force_abort = true;
  }
}

/// @return  true if a command with a subcommand resulting in "retcode" should
/// abort the script processing.  Can be used to suppress an autocommand after
/// execution of a failing subcommand as long as the error message has not been
/// displayed and actually caused the abortion.
bool should_abort(int retcode)
{
  return (retcode == FAIL && trylevel != 0 && !emsg_silent) || aborting();
}

/// @return  true if a function with the "abort" flag should not be considered
/// ended on an error.  This means that parsing commands is continued in order
/// to find finally clauses to be executed, and that some errors in skipped
/// commands are still reported.
bool aborted_in_try(void)
  FUNC_ATTR_PURE
{
  // This function is only called after an error.  In this case, "force_abort"
  // determines whether searching for finally clauses is necessary.
  return force_abort;
}

/// cause_errthrow(): Cause a throw of an error exception if appropriate.
///
/// @return  true if the error message should not be displayed by emsg().
///
/// Sets "ignore", if the emsg() call should be ignored completely.
///
/// When several messages appear in the same command, the first is usually the
/// most specific one and used as the exception value.  The "severe" flag can be
/// set to true, if a later but severer message should be used instead.
bool cause_errthrow(const char *mesg, bool multiline, bool severe, bool *ignore)
  FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ALL
{
  msglist_T *elem;

  // Do nothing when displaying the interrupt message or reporting an
  // uncaught exception (which has already been discarded then) at the top
  // level.  Also when no exception can be thrown.  The message will be
  // displayed by emsg().
  if (suppress_errthrow) {
    return false;
  }

  // If emsg() has not been called previously, temporarily reset
  // "force_abort" until the throw point for error messages has been
  // reached.  This ensures that aborting() returns the same value for all
  // errors that appear in the same command.  This means particularly that
  // for parsing errors during expression evaluation emsg() will be called
  // multiply, even when the expression is evaluated from a finally clause
  // that was activated due to an aborting error, interrupt, or exception.
  if (!did_emsg) {
    cause_abort = force_abort;
    force_abort = false;
  }

  // If no try conditional is active and no exception is being thrown and
  // there has not been an error in a try conditional or a throw so far, do
  // nothing (for compatibility of non-EH scripts).  The message will then
  // be displayed by emsg().  When ":silent!" was used and we are not
  // currently throwing an exception, do nothing.  The message text will
  // then be stored to v:errmsg by emsg() without displaying it.
  if (((trylevel == 0 && !cause_abort) || emsg_silent) && !did_throw) {
    return false;
  }

  // Ignore an interrupt message when inside a try conditional or when an
  // exception is being thrown or when an error in a try conditional or
  // throw has been detected previously.  This is important in order that an
  // interrupt exception is catchable by the innermost try conditional and
  // not replaced by an interrupt message error exception.
  if (mesg == _(e_interr)) {
    *ignore = true;
    return true;
  }

  // Ensure that all commands in nested function calls and sourced files
  // are aborted immediately.
  cause_abort = true;

  // When an exception is being thrown, some commands (like conditionals) are
  // not skipped.  Errors in those commands may affect what of the subsequent
  // commands are regarded part of catch and finally clauses.  Catching the
  // exception would then cause execution of commands not intended by the
  // user, who wouldn't even get aware of the problem.  Therefore, discard the
  // exception currently being thrown to prevent it from being caught.  Just
  // execute finally clauses and terminate.
  if (did_throw) {
    // When discarding an interrupt exception, reset got_int to prevent the
    // same interrupt being converted to an exception again and discarding
    // the error exception we are about to throw here.
    if (current_exception->type == ET_INTERRUPT) {
      got_int = false;
    }
    discard_current_exception();
  }

#ifdef THROW_TEST
  if (!THROW_ON_ERROR) {
    // Print error message immediately without searching for a matching
    // catch clause; just finally clauses are executed before the script
    // is terminated.
    return false;
  } else
#endif
  {
    // Prepare the throw of an error exception, so that everything will
    // be aborted (except for executing finally clauses), until the error
    // exception is caught; if still uncaught at the top level, the error
    // message will be displayed and the script processing terminated
    // then.  -  This function has no access to the conditional stack.
    // Thus, the actual throw is made after the failing command has
    // returned.  -  Throw only the first of several errors in a row, except
    // a severe error is following.
    if (msg_list != NULL) {
      msglist_T **plist = msg_list;
      while (*plist != NULL) {
        plist = &(*plist)->next;
      }

      elem = xmalloc(sizeof(msglist_T));
      elem->msg = xstrdup(mesg);
      elem->multiline = multiline;
      elem->next = NULL;
      elem->throw_msg = NULL;
      *plist = elem;
      if (plist == msg_list || severe) {
        // Skip the extra "Vim " prefix for message "E458".
        char *tmsg = elem->msg;
        if (strncmp(tmsg, "Vim E", 5) == 0
            && ascii_isdigit(tmsg[5])
            && ascii_isdigit(tmsg[6])
            && ascii_isdigit(tmsg[7])
            && tmsg[8] == ':'
            && tmsg[9] == ' ') {
          (*msg_list)->throw_msg = &tmsg[4];
        } else {
          (*msg_list)->throw_msg = tmsg;
        }
      }

      // Get the source name and lnum now, it may change before
      // reaching do_errthrow().
      elem->sfile = estack_sfile(ESTACK_NONE);
      elem->slnum = SOURCING_LNUM;
    }
    return true;
  }
}

/// Free a "msg_list" and the messages it contains.
static void free_msglist(msglist_T *l)
{
  msglist_T *messages = l;
  while (messages != NULL) {
    msglist_T *next = messages->next;
    xfree(messages->msg);
    xfree(messages->sfile);
    xfree(messages);
    messages = next;
  }
}

/// Free global "*msg_list" and the messages it contains, then set "*msg_list"
/// to NULL.
void free_global_msglist(void)
{
  free_msglist(*msg_list);
  *msg_list = NULL;
}

/// Throw the message specified in the call to cause_errthrow() above as an
/// error exception.  If cstack is NULL, postpone the throw until do_cmdline()
/// has returned (see do_one_cmd()).
void do_errthrow(cstack_T *cstack, char *cmdname)
{
  // Ensure that all commands in nested function calls and sourced files
  // are aborted immediately.
  if (cause_abort) {
    cause_abort = false;
    force_abort = true;
  }

  // If no exception is to be thrown or the conversion should be done after
  // returning to a previous invocation of do_one_cmd(), do nothing.
  if (msg_list == NULL || *msg_list == NULL) {
    return;
  }

  if (throw_exception(*msg_list, ET_ERROR, cmdname) == FAIL) {
    free_msglist(*msg_list);
  } else {
    if (cstack != NULL) {
      do_throw(cstack);
    } else {
      need_rethrow = true;
    }
  }
  *msg_list = NULL;
}

/// do_intthrow(): Replace the current exception by an interrupt or interrupt
/// exception if appropriate.
///
/// @return  true if the current exception is discarded or,
///          false otherwise.
bool do_intthrow(cstack_T *cstack)
{
  // If no interrupt occurred or no try conditional is active and no exception
  // is being thrown, do nothing (for compatibility of non-EH scripts).
  if (!got_int || (trylevel == 0 && !did_throw)) {
    return false;
  }

#ifdef THROW_TEST  // avoid warning for condition always true
  if (!THROW_ON_INTERRUPT) {
    // The interrupt aborts everything except for executing finally clauses.
    // Discard any user or error or interrupt exception currently being
    // thrown.
    if (did_throw) {
      discard_current_exception();
    }
  } else {
#endif
  // Throw an interrupt exception, so that everything will be aborted
  // (except for executing finally clauses), until the interrupt exception
  // is caught; if still uncaught at the top level, the script processing
  // will be terminated then.  -  If an interrupt exception is already
  // being thrown, do nothing.

  if (did_throw) {
    if (current_exception->type == ET_INTERRUPT) {
      return false;
    }

    // An interrupt exception replaces any user or error exception.
    discard_current_exception();
  }
  if (throw_exception("Vim:Interrupt", ET_INTERRUPT, NULL) != FAIL) {
    do_throw(cstack);
  }
#ifdef THROW_TEST
}
#endif

  return true;
}

/// Get an exception message that is to be stored in current_exception->value.
char *get_exception_string(void *value, except_type_T type, char *cmdname, bool *should_free)
{
  char *ret;

  if (type == ET_ERROR) {
    char *val;
    *should_free = true;
    char *mesg = ((msglist_T *)value)->throw_msg;
    if (cmdname != NULL && *cmdname != NUL) {
      size_t cmdlen = strlen(cmdname);
      ret = xstrnsave("Vim(", 4 + cmdlen + 2 + strlen(mesg));
      STRCPY(&ret[4], cmdname);
      STRCPY(&ret[4 + cmdlen], "):");
      val = ret + 4 + cmdlen + 2;
    } else {
      ret = xstrnsave("Vim:", 4 + strlen(mesg));
      val = ret + 4;
    }

    // msg_add_fname may have been used to prefix the message with a file
    // name in quotes.  In the exception value, put the file name in
    // parentheses and move it to the end.
    for (char *p = mesg;; p++) {
      if (*p == NUL
          || (*p == 'E'
              && ascii_isdigit(p[1])
              && (p[2] == ':'
                  || (ascii_isdigit(p[2])
                      && (p[3] == ':'
                          || (ascii_isdigit(p[3])
                              && p[4] == ':')))))) {
        if (*p == NUL || p == mesg) {
          strcat(val, mesg);  // 'E123' missing or at beginning
        } else {
          // '"filename" E123: message text'
          if (mesg[0] != '"' || p - 2 < &mesg[1]
              || p[-2] != '"' || p[-1] != ' ') {
            // "E123:" is part of the file name.
            continue;
          }

          strcat(val, p);
          p[-2] = NUL;
          snprintf(val + strlen(p), strlen(" (%s)"), " (%s)", &mesg[1]);
          p[-2] = '"';
        }
        break;
      }
    }
  } else {
    *should_free = false;
    ret = value;
  }

  return ret;
}

/// Throw a new exception.  "value" is the exception string for a
/// user or interrupt exception, or points to a message list in case of an
/// error exception.
///
/// @return  FAIL when out of memory or it was tried to throw an illegal user
///          exception.
static int throw_exception(void *value, except_type_T type, char *cmdname)
{
  // Disallow faking Interrupt or error exceptions as user exceptions.  They
  // would be treated differently from real interrupt or error exceptions
  // when no active try block is found, see do_cmdline().
  if (type == ET_USER) {
    if (strncmp(value, "Vim", 3) == 0
        && (((char *)value)[3] == NUL || ((char *)value)[3] == ':'
            || ((char *)value)[3] == '(')) {
      emsg(_("E608: Cannot :throw exceptions with 'Vim' prefix"));
      goto fail;
    }
  }

  except_T *excp = xmalloc(sizeof(except_T));

  if (type == ET_ERROR) {
    // Store the original message and prefix the exception value with
    // "Vim:" or, if a command name is given, "Vim(cmdname):".
    excp->messages = (msglist_T *)value;
  }

  bool should_free;
  excp->value = get_exception_string(value, type, cmdname, &should_free);
  if (excp->value == NULL && should_free) {
    goto nomem;
  }

  excp->type = type;
  if (type == ET_ERROR && ((msglist_T *)value)->sfile != NULL) {
    msglist_T *entry = (msglist_T *)value;
    excp->throw_name = entry->sfile;
    entry->sfile = NULL;
    excp->throw_lnum = entry->slnum;
  } else {
    excp->throw_name = estack_sfile(ESTACK_NONE);
    if (excp->throw_name == NULL) {
      excp->throw_name = xstrdup("");
    }
    excp->throw_lnum = SOURCING_LNUM;
  }

  excp->stacktrace = stacktrace_create();
  tv_list_ref(excp->stacktrace);

  if (p_verbose >= 13 || debug_break_level > 0) {
    int save_msg_silent = msg_silent;

    if (debug_break_level > 0) {
      msg_silent = false;               // display messages
    } else {
      verbose_enter();
    }
    no_wait_return++;
    if (debug_break_level > 0 || *p_vfile == NUL) {
      msg_scroll = true;            // always scroll up, don't overwrite
    }
    smsg(0, _("Exception thrown: %s"), excp->value);
    msg_puts("\n");  // don't overwrite this either

    if (debug_break_level > 0 || *p_vfile == NUL) {
      cmdline_row = msg_row;
    }
    no_wait_return--;
    if (debug_break_level > 0) {
      msg_silent = save_msg_silent;
    } else {
      verbose_leave();
    }
  }

  current_exception = excp;
  return OK;

nomem:
  xfree(excp);
  suppress_errthrow = true;
  emsg(_(e_outofmem));
fail:
  current_exception = NULL;
  return FAIL;
}

/// Discard an exception.  "was_finished" is set when the exception has been
/// caught and the catch clause has been ended normally.
static void discard_exception(except_T *excp, bool was_finished)
{
  if (current_exception == excp) {
    current_exception = NULL;
  }
  if (excp == NULL) {
    internal_error("discard_exception()");
    return;
  }

  if (p_verbose >= 13 || debug_break_level > 0) {
    int save_msg_silent = msg_silent;

    char *saved_IObuff = xstrdup(IObuff);
    if (debug_break_level > 0) {
      msg_silent = false;               // display messages
    } else {
      verbose_enter();
    }
    no_wait_return++;
    if (debug_break_level > 0 || *p_vfile == NUL) {
      msg_scroll = true;            // always scroll up, don't overwrite
    }
    smsg(0, was_finished ? _("Exception finished: %s") : _("Exception discarded: %s"), excp->value);
    msg_puts("\n");  // don't overwrite this either
    if (debug_break_level > 0 || *p_vfile == NUL) {
      cmdline_row = msg_row;
    }
    no_wait_return--;
    if (debug_break_level > 0) {
      msg_silent = save_msg_silent;
    } else {
      verbose_leave();
    }
    xstrlcpy(IObuff, saved_IObuff, IOSIZE);
    xfree(saved_IObuff);
  }
  if (excp->type != ET_INTERRUPT) {
    xfree(excp->value);
  }
  if (excp->type == ET_ERROR) {
    free_msglist(excp->messages);
  }
  xfree(excp->throw_name);
  tv_list_unref(excp->stacktrace);
  xfree(excp);
}

/// Discard the exception currently being thrown.
void discard_current_exception(void)
{
  if (current_exception != NULL) {
    discard_exception(current_exception, false);
  }
  // Note: all globals manipulated here should be saved/restored in
  // try_enter/try_leave.
  did_throw = false;
  need_rethrow = false;
}

/// Put an exception on the caught stack.
static void catch_exception(except_T *excp)
{
  excp->caught = caught_stack;
  caught_stack = excp;
  set_vim_var_string(VV_EXCEPTION, excp->value, -1);
  set_vim_var_list(VV_STACKTRACE, excp->stacktrace);
  if (*excp->throw_name != NUL) {
    if (excp->throw_lnum != 0) {
      vim_snprintf(IObuff, IOSIZE, _("%s, line %" PRId64),
                   excp->throw_name, (int64_t)excp->throw_lnum);
    } else {
      vim_snprintf(IObuff, IOSIZE, "%s", excp->throw_name);
    }
    set_vim_var_string(VV_THROWPOINT, IObuff, -1);
  } else {
    // throw_name not set on an exception from a command that was typed.
    set_vim_var_string(VV_THROWPOINT, NULL, -1);
  }

  if (p_verbose >= 13 || debug_break_level > 0) {
    int save_msg_silent = msg_silent;

    if (debug_break_level > 0) {
      msg_silent = false;               // display messages
    } else {
      verbose_enter();
    }
    no_wait_return++;
    if (debug_break_level > 0 || *p_vfile == NUL) {
      msg_scroll = true;            // always scroll up, don't overwrite
    }
    smsg(0, _("Exception caught: %s"), excp->value);
    msg_puts("\n");  // don't overwrite this either

    if (debug_break_level > 0 || *p_vfile == NUL) {
      cmdline_row = msg_row;
    }
    no_wait_return--;
    if (debug_break_level > 0) {
      msg_silent = save_msg_silent;
    } else {
      verbose_leave();
    }
  }
}

/// Remove an exception from the caught stack.
static void finish_exception(except_T *excp)
{
  if (excp != caught_stack) {
    internal_error("finish_exception()");
  }
  caught_stack = caught_stack->caught;
  if (caught_stack != NULL) {
    set_vim_var_string(VV_EXCEPTION, caught_stack->value, -1);
    set_vim_var_list(VV_STACKTRACE, caught_stack->stacktrace);
    if (*caught_stack->throw_name != NUL) {
      if (caught_stack->throw_lnum != 0) {
        vim_snprintf(IObuff, IOSIZE,
                     _("%s, line %" PRId64), caught_stack->throw_name,
                     (int64_t)caught_stack->throw_lnum);
      } else {
        vim_snprintf(IObuff, IOSIZE, "%s",
                     caught_stack->throw_name);
      }
      set_vim_var_string(VV_THROWPOINT, IObuff, -1);
    } else {
      // throw_name not set on an exception from a command that was
      // typed.
      set_vim_var_string(VV_THROWPOINT, NULL, -1);
    }
  } else {
    set_vim_var_string(VV_EXCEPTION, NULL, -1);
    set_vim_var_string(VV_THROWPOINT, NULL, -1);
    set_vim_var_list(VV_STACKTRACE, NULL);
  }

  // Discard the exception, but use the finish message for 'verbose'.
  discard_exception(excp, true);
}

/// Save the current exception state in "estate"
void exception_state_save(exception_state_T *estate)
{
  estate->estate_current_exception = current_exception;
  estate->estate_did_throw = did_throw;
  estate->estate_need_rethrow = need_rethrow;
  estate->estate_trylevel = trylevel;
  estate->estate_did_emsg = did_emsg;
}

/// Restore the current exception state from "estate"
void exception_state_restore(exception_state_T *estate)
{
  // Handle any outstanding exceptions before restoring the state
  if (did_throw) {
    handle_did_throw();
  }
  current_exception = estate->estate_current_exception;
  did_throw = estate->estate_did_throw;
  need_rethrow = estate->estate_need_rethrow;
  trylevel = estate->estate_trylevel;
  did_emsg = estate->estate_did_emsg;
}

/// Clear the current exception state
void exception_state_clear(void)
{
  current_exception = NULL;
  did_throw = false;
  need_rethrow = false;
  trylevel = 0;
  did_emsg = 0;
}

// Flags specifying the message displayed by report_pending.
#define RP_MAKE         0
#define RP_RESUME       1
#define RP_DISCARD      2

/// Report information about something pending in a finally clause if required by
/// the 'verbose' option or when debugging.  "action" tells whether something is
/// made pending or something pending is resumed or discarded.  "pending" tells
/// what is pending.  "value" specifies the return value for a pending ":return"
/// or the exception value for a pending exception.
static void report_pending(int action, int pending, void *value)
{
  char *mesg;
  char *s;

  assert(value || !(pending & CSTP_THROW));

  switch (action) {
  case RP_MAKE:
    mesg = _("%s made pending");
    break;
  case RP_RESUME:
    mesg = _("%s resumed");
    break;
  // case RP_DISCARD:
  default:
    mesg = _("%s discarded");
    break;
  }

  switch (pending) {
  case CSTP_NONE:
    return;

  case CSTP_CONTINUE:
    s = ":continue";
    break;
  case CSTP_BREAK:
    s = ":break";
    break;
  case CSTP_FINISH:
    s = ":finish";
    break;
  case CSTP_RETURN:
    // ":return" command producing value, allocated
    s = get_return_cmd(value);
    break;

  default:
    if (pending & CSTP_THROW) {
      vim_snprintf(IObuff, IOSIZE,
                   mesg, _("Exception"));
      mesg = concat_str(IObuff, ": %s");
      s = ((except_T *)value)->value;
    } else if ((pending & CSTP_ERROR) && (pending & CSTP_INTERRUPT)) {
      s = _("Error and interrupt");
    } else if (pending & CSTP_ERROR) {
      s = _("Error");
    } else {  // if (pending & CSTP_INTERRUPT)
      s = _("Interrupt");
    }
  }

  int save_msg_silent = msg_silent;
  if (debug_break_level > 0) {
    msg_silent = false;         // display messages
  }
  no_wait_return++;
  msg_scroll = true;            // always scroll up, don't overwrite
  smsg(0, mesg, s);
  msg_puts("\n");  // don't overwrite this either
  cmdline_row = msg_row;
  no_wait_return--;
  if (debug_break_level > 0) {
    msg_silent = save_msg_silent;
  }

  if (pending == CSTP_RETURN) {
    xfree(s);
  } else if (pending & CSTP_THROW) {
    xfree(mesg);
  }
}

/// If something is made pending in a finally clause, report it if required by
/// the 'verbose' option or when debugging.
void report_make_pending(int pending, void *value)
{
  if (p_verbose >= 14 || debug_break_level > 0) {
    if (debug_break_level <= 0) {
      verbose_enter();
    }
    report_pending(RP_MAKE, pending, value);
    if (debug_break_level <= 0) {
      verbose_leave();
    }
  }
}

/// If something pending in a finally clause is resumed at the ":endtry", report
/// it if required by the 'verbose' option or when debugging.
void report_resume_pending(int pending, void *value)
{
  if (p_verbose >= 14 || debug_break_level > 0) {
    if (debug_break_level <= 0) {
      verbose_enter();
    }
    report_pending(RP_RESUME, pending, value);
    if (debug_break_level <= 0) {
      verbose_leave();
    }
  }
}

/// If something pending in a finally clause is discarded, report it if required
/// by the 'verbose' option or when debugging.
void report_discard_pending(int pending, void *value)
{
  if (p_verbose >= 14 || debug_break_level > 0) {
    if (debug_break_level <= 0) {
      verbose_enter();
    }
    report_pending(RP_DISCARD, pending, value);
    if (debug_break_level <= 0) {
      verbose_leave();
    }
  }
}

/// Handle ":eval".
void ex_eval(exarg_T *eap)
{
  typval_T tv;
  evalarg_T evalarg;

  fill_evalarg_from_eap(&evalarg, eap, eap->skip);

  if (eval0(eap->arg, &tv, eap, &evalarg) == OK) {
    tv_clear(&tv);
  }

  clear_evalarg(&evalarg, eap);
}

/// Handle ":if".
void ex_if(exarg_T *eap)
{
  cstack_T *const cstack = eap->cstack;

  if (cstack->cs_idx == CSTACK_LEN - 1) {
    eap->errmsg = _("E579: :if nesting too deep");
  } else {
    cstack->cs_idx++;
    cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] = 0;

    bool skip = CHECK_SKIP;

    bool error;
    bool result = eval_to_bool(eap->arg, &error, eap, skip, false);

    if (!skip && !error) {
      if (result) {
        cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] = CSF_ACTIVE | CSF_TRUE;
      }
    } else {
      // set TRUE, so this conditional will never get active
      cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] = CSF_TRUE;
    }
  }
}

/// Handle ":endif".
void ex_endif(exarg_T *eap)
{
  did_endif = true;
  if (eap->cstack->cs_idx < 0
      || (eap->cstack->cs_flags[eap->cstack->cs_idx]
          & (CSF_WHILE | CSF_FOR | CSF_TRY))) {
    eap->errmsg = _("E580: :endif without :if");
  } else {
    // When debugging or a breakpoint was encountered, display the debug
    // prompt (if not already done).  This shows the user that an ":endif"
    // is executed when the ":if" or a previous ":elseif" was not TRUE.
    // Handle a ">quit" debug command as if an interrupt had occurred before
    // the ":endif".  That is, throw an interrupt exception if appropriate.
    // Doing this here prevents an exception for a parsing error being
    // discarded by throwing the interrupt exception later on.
    if (!(eap->cstack->cs_flags[eap->cstack->cs_idx] & CSF_TRUE)
        && dbg_check_skipped(eap)) {
      do_intthrow(eap->cstack);
    }

    eap->cstack->cs_idx--;
  }
}

/// Handle ":else" and ":elseif".
void ex_else(exarg_T *eap)
{
  cstack_T *const cstack = eap->cstack;

  bool skip = CHECK_SKIP;

  if (cstack->cs_idx < 0
      || (cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx]
          & (CSF_WHILE | CSF_FOR | CSF_TRY))) {
    if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_else) {
      eap->errmsg = _("E581: :else without :if");
      return;
    }
    eap->errmsg = _("E582: :elseif without :if");
    skip = true;
  } else if (cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] & CSF_ELSE) {
    if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_else) {
      eap->errmsg = _(e_multiple_else);
      return;
    }
    eap->errmsg = _("E584: :elseif after :else");
    skip = true;
  }

  // if skipping or the ":if" was TRUE, reset ACTIVE, otherwise set it
  if (skip || cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] & CSF_TRUE) {
    if (eap->errmsg == NULL) {
      cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] = CSF_TRUE;
    }
    skip = true;        // don't evaluate an ":elseif"
  } else {
    cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] = CSF_ACTIVE;
  }

  // When debugging or a breakpoint was encountered, display the debug prompt
  // (if not already done).  This shows the user that an ":else" or ":elseif"
  // is executed when the ":if" or previous ":elseif" was not TRUE.  Handle
  // a ">quit" debug command as if an interrupt had occurred before the
  // ":else" or ":elseif".  That is, set "skip" and throw an interrupt
  // exception if appropriate.  Doing this here prevents that an exception
  // for a parsing errors is discarded when throwing the interrupt exception
  // later on.
  if (!skip && dbg_check_skipped(eap) && got_int) {
    do_intthrow(cstack);
    skip = true;
  }

  if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_elseif) {
    bool result = false;
    bool error;
    // When skipping we ignore most errors, but a missing expression is
    // wrong, perhaps it should have been "else".
    // A double quote here is the start of a string, not a comment.
    if (skip && *eap->arg != '"' && ends_excmd(*eap->arg)) {
      semsg(_(e_invexpr2), eap->arg);
    } else {
      result = eval_to_bool(eap->arg, &error, eap, skip, false);
    }

    // When throwing error exceptions, we want to throw always the first
    // of several errors in a row.  This is what actually happens when
    // a conditional error was detected above and there is another failure
    // when parsing the expression.  Since the skip flag is set in this
    // case, the parsing error will be ignored by emsg().
    if (!skip && !error) {
      if (result) {
        cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] = CSF_ACTIVE | CSF_TRUE;
      } else {
        cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] = 0;
      }
    } else if (eap->errmsg == NULL) {
      // set TRUE, so this conditional will never get active
      cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] = CSF_TRUE;
    }
  } else {
    cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] |= CSF_ELSE;
  }
}

/// Handle ":while" and ":for".
void ex_while(exarg_T *eap)
{
  bool error;
  cstack_T *const cstack = eap->cstack;

  if (cstack->cs_idx == CSTACK_LEN - 1) {
    eap->errmsg = _("E585: :while/:for nesting too deep");
  } else {
    bool result;
    // The loop flag is set when we have jumped back from the matching
    // ":endwhile" or ":endfor".  When not set, need to initialise this
    // cstack entry.
    if ((cstack->cs_lflags & CSL_HAD_LOOP) == 0) {
      cstack->cs_idx++;
      cstack->cs_looplevel++;
      cstack->cs_line[cstack->cs_idx] = -1;
    }
    cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] =
      eap->cmdidx == CMD_while ? CSF_WHILE : CSF_FOR;

    int skip = CHECK_SKIP;
    if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_while) {  // ":while bool-expr"
      result = eval_to_bool(eap->arg, &error, eap, skip, false);
    } else {  // ":for var in list-expr"
      evalarg_T evalarg;
      fill_evalarg_from_eap(&evalarg, eap, skip);
      void *fi;
      if ((cstack->cs_lflags & CSL_HAD_LOOP) != 0) {
        // Jumping here from a ":continue" or ":endfor": use the
        // previously evaluated list.
        fi = cstack->cs_forinfo[cstack->cs_idx];
        error = false;
      } else {
        // Evaluate the argument and get the info in a structure.
        fi = eval_for_line(eap->arg, &error, eap, &evalarg);
        cstack->cs_forinfo[cstack->cs_idx] = fi;
      }

      // use the element at the start of the list and advance
      if (!error && fi != NULL && !skip) {
        result = next_for_item(fi, eap->arg);
      } else {
        result = false;
      }

      if (!result) {
        free_for_info(fi);
        cstack->cs_forinfo[cstack->cs_idx] = NULL;
      }
      clear_evalarg(&evalarg, eap);
    }

    // If this cstack entry was just initialised and is active, set the
    // loop flag, so do_cmdline() will set the line number in cs_line[].
    // If executing the command a second time, clear the loop flag.
    if (!skip && !error && result) {
      cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] |= (CSF_ACTIVE | CSF_TRUE);
      cstack->cs_lflags ^= CSL_HAD_LOOP;
    } else {
      cstack->cs_lflags &= ~CSL_HAD_LOOP;
      // If the ":while" evaluates to FALSE or ":for" is past the end of
      // the list, show the debug prompt at the ":endwhile"/":endfor" as
      // if there was a ":break" in a ":while"/":for" evaluating to
      // TRUE.
      if (!skip && !error) {
        cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] |= CSF_TRUE;
      }
    }
  }
}

/// Handle ":continue"
void ex_continue(exarg_T *eap)
{
  cstack_T *const cstack = eap->cstack;

  if (cstack->cs_looplevel <= 0 || cstack->cs_idx < 0) {
    eap->errmsg = _("E586: :continue without :while or :for");
  } else {
    // Try to find the matching ":while".  This might stop at a try
    // conditional not in its finally clause (which is then to be executed
    // next).  Therefore, deactivate all conditionals except the ":while"
    // itself (if reached).
    int idx = cleanup_conditionals(cstack, CSF_WHILE | CSF_FOR, false);
    assert(idx >= 0);
    if (cstack->cs_flags[idx] & (CSF_WHILE | CSF_FOR)) {
      rewind_conditionals(cstack, idx, CSF_TRY, &cstack->cs_trylevel);

      // Set CSL_HAD_CONT, so do_cmdline() will jump back to the
      // matching ":while".
      cstack->cs_lflags |= CSL_HAD_CONT;        // let do_cmdline() handle it
    } else {
      // If a try conditional not in its finally clause is reached first,
      // make the ":continue" pending for execution at the ":endtry".
      cstack->cs_pending[idx] = CSTP_CONTINUE;
      report_make_pending(CSTP_CONTINUE, NULL);
    }
  }
}

/// Handle ":break"
void ex_break(exarg_T *eap)
{
  cstack_T *const cstack = eap->cstack;

  if (cstack->cs_looplevel <= 0 || cstack->cs_idx < 0) {
    eap->errmsg = _("E587: :break without :while or :for");
  } else {
    // Deactivate conditionals until the matching ":while" or a try
    // conditional not in its finally clause (which is then to be
    // executed next) is found.  In the latter case, make the ":break"
    // pending for execution at the ":endtry".
    int idx = cleanup_conditionals(cstack, CSF_WHILE | CSF_FOR, true);
    if (idx >= 0 && !(cstack->cs_flags[idx] & (CSF_WHILE | CSF_FOR))) {
      cstack->cs_pending[idx] = CSTP_BREAK;
      report_make_pending(CSTP_BREAK, NULL);
    }
  }
}

/// Handle ":endwhile" and ":endfor"
void ex_endwhile(exarg_T *eap)
{
  cstack_T *const cstack = eap->cstack;
  const char *err;
  int csf;

  if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_endwhile) {
    err = e_while;
    csf = CSF_WHILE;
  } else {
    err = e_for;
    csf = CSF_FOR;
  }

  if (cstack->cs_looplevel <= 0 || cstack->cs_idx < 0) {
    eap->errmsg = _(err);
  } else {
    int fl = cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx];
    if (!(fl & csf)) {
      // If we are in a ":while" or ":for" but used the wrong endloop
      // command, do not rewind to the next enclosing ":for"/":while".
      if (fl & CSF_WHILE) {
        eap->errmsg = _("E732: Using :endfor with :while");
      } else if (fl & CSF_FOR) {
        eap->errmsg = _("E733: Using :endwhile with :for");
      }
    }
    if (!(fl & (CSF_WHILE | CSF_FOR))) {
      if (!(fl & CSF_TRY)) {
        eap->errmsg = _(e_endif);
      } else if (fl & CSF_FINALLY) {
        eap->errmsg = _(e_endtry);
      }
      // Try to find the matching ":while" and report what's missing.
      int idx;
      for (idx = cstack->cs_idx; idx > 0; idx--) {
        fl = cstack->cs_flags[idx];
        if ((fl & CSF_TRY) && !(fl & CSF_FINALLY)) {
          // Give up at a try conditional not in its finally clause.
          // Ignore the ":endwhile"/":endfor".
          eap->errmsg = _(err);
          return;
        }
        if (fl & csf) {
          break;
        }
      }
      // Cleanup and rewind all contained (and unclosed) conditionals.
      cleanup_conditionals(cstack, CSF_WHILE | CSF_FOR, false);
      rewind_conditionals(cstack, idx, CSF_TRY, &cstack->cs_trylevel);
    } else if (cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] & CSF_TRUE
               && !(cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] & CSF_ACTIVE)
               && dbg_check_skipped(eap)) {
      // When debugging or a breakpoint was encountered, display the debug
      // prompt (if not already done).  This shows the user that an
      // ":endwhile"/":endfor" is executed when the ":while" was not TRUE or
      // after a ":break".  Handle a ">quit" debug command as if an
      // interrupt had occurred before the ":endwhile"/":endfor".  That is,
      // throw an interrupt exception if appropriate.  Doing this here
      // prevents that an exception for a parsing error is discarded when
      // throwing the interrupt exception later on.
      do_intthrow(cstack);
    }

    // Set loop flag, so do_cmdline() will jump back to the matching
    // ":while" or ":for".
    cstack->cs_lflags |= CSL_HAD_ENDLOOP;
  }
}

/// Handle ":throw expr"
void ex_throw(exarg_T *eap)
{
  char *arg = eap->arg;
  char *value;

  if (*arg != NUL && *arg != '|' && *arg != '\n') {
    value = eval_to_string_skip(arg, eap, eap->skip);
  } else {
    emsg(_(e_argreq));
    value = NULL;
  }

  // On error or when an exception is thrown during argument evaluation, do
  // not throw.
  if (!eap->skip && value != NULL) {
    if (throw_exception(value, ET_USER, NULL) == FAIL) {
      xfree(value);
    } else {
      do_throw(eap->cstack);
    }
  }
}

/// Throw the current exception through the specified cstack.  Common routine
/// for ":throw" (user exception) and error and interrupt exceptions.  Also
/// used for rethrowing an uncaught exception.
void do_throw(cstack_T *cstack)
{
  bool inactivate_try = false;

  // Cleanup and deactivate up to the next surrounding try conditional that
  // is not in its finally clause.  Normally, do not deactivate the try
  // conditional itself, so that its ACTIVE flag can be tested below.  But
  // if a previous error or interrupt has not been converted to an exception,
  // deactivate the try conditional, too, as if the conversion had been done,
  // and reset the did_emsg or got_int flag, so this won't happen again at
  // the next surrounding try conditional.

#ifndef THROW_ON_ERROR_TRUE
  if (did_emsg && !THROW_ON_ERROR) {
    inactivate_try = true;
    did_emsg = false;
  }
#endif
#ifndef THROW_ON_INTERRUPT_TRUE
  if (got_int && !THROW_ON_INTERRUPT) {
    inactivate_try = true;
    got_int = false;
  }
#endif
  int idx = cleanup_conditionals(cstack, 0, inactivate_try);
  if (idx >= 0) {
    // If this try conditional is active and we are before its first
    // ":catch", set THROWN so that the ":catch" commands will check
    // whether the exception matches.  When the exception came from any of
    // the catch clauses, it will be made pending at the ":finally" (if
    // present) and rethrown at the ":endtry".  This will also happen if
    // the try conditional is inactive.  This is the case when we are
    // throwing an exception due to an error or interrupt on the way from
    // a preceding ":continue", ":break", ":return", ":finish", error or
    // interrupt (not converted to an exception) to the finally clause or
    // from a preceding throw of a user or error or interrupt exception to
    // the matching catch clause or the finally clause.
    if (!(cstack->cs_flags[idx] & CSF_CAUGHT)) {
      if (cstack->cs_flags[idx] & CSF_ACTIVE) {
        cstack->cs_flags[idx] |= CSF_THROWN;
      } else {
        // THROWN may have already been set for a catchable exception
        // that has been discarded.  Ensure it is reset for the new
        // exception.
        cstack->cs_flags[idx] &= ~CSF_THROWN;
      }
    }
    cstack->cs_flags[idx] &= ~CSF_ACTIVE;
    cstack->cs_exception[idx] = current_exception;
  }

  did_throw = true;
}

/// Handle ":try"
void ex_try(exarg_T *eap)
{
  cstack_T *const cstack = eap->cstack;

  if (cstack->cs_idx == CSTACK_LEN - 1) {
    eap->errmsg = _("E601: :try nesting too deep");
  } else {
    cstack->cs_idx++;
    cstack->cs_trylevel++;
    cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] = CSF_TRY;
    cstack->cs_pending[cstack->cs_idx] = CSTP_NONE;

    int skip = CHECK_SKIP;

    if (!skip) {
      // Set ACTIVE and TRUE.  TRUE means that the corresponding ":catch"
      // commands should check for a match if an exception is thrown and
      // that the finally clause needs to be executed.
      cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] |= CSF_ACTIVE | CSF_TRUE;

      // ":silent!", even when used in a try conditional, disables
      // displaying of error messages and conversion of errors to
      // exceptions.  When the silent commands again open a try
      // conditional, save "emsg_silent" and reset it so that errors are
      // again converted to exceptions.  The value is restored when that
      // try conditional is left.  If it is left normally, the commands
      // following the ":endtry" are again silent.  If it is left by
      // a ":continue", ":break", ":return", or ":finish", the commands
      // executed next are again silent.  If it is left due to an
      // aborting error, an interrupt, or an exception, restoring
      // "emsg_silent" does not matter since we are already in the
      // aborting state and/or the exception has already been thrown.
      // The effect is then just freeing the memory that was allocated
      // to save the value.
      if (emsg_silent) {
        eslist_T *elem = xmalloc(sizeof(*elem));
        elem->saved_emsg_silent = emsg_silent;
        elem->next = cstack->cs_emsg_silent_list;
        cstack->cs_emsg_silent_list = elem;
        cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] |= CSF_SILENT;
        emsg_silent = 0;
      }
    }
  }
}

/// Handle ":catch /{pattern}/" and ":catch"
void ex_catch(exarg_T *eap)
{
  int idx = 0;
  bool give_up = false;
  bool skip = false;
  char *end;
  char *save_cpo;
  regmatch_T regmatch;
  cstack_T *const cstack = eap->cstack;
  char *pat;

  if (cstack->cs_trylevel <= 0 || cstack->cs_idx < 0) {
    eap->errmsg = _("E603: :catch without :try");
    give_up = true;
  } else {
    if (!(cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] & CSF_TRY)) {
      // Report what's missing if the matching ":try" is not in its
      // finally clause.
      eap->errmsg = get_end_emsg(cstack);
      skip = true;
    }
    for (idx = cstack->cs_idx; idx > 0; idx--) {
      if (cstack->cs_flags[idx] & CSF_TRY) {
        break;
      }
    }
    if (cstack->cs_flags[idx] & CSF_FINALLY) {
      // Give up for a ":catch" after ":finally" and ignore it.
      // Just parse.
      eap->errmsg = _("E604: :catch after :finally");
      give_up = true;
    } else {
      rewind_conditionals(cstack, idx, CSF_WHILE | CSF_FOR,
                          &cstack->cs_looplevel);
    }
  }

  if (ends_excmd(*eap->arg)) {  // no argument, catch all errors
    pat = ".*";
    end = NULL;
    eap->nextcmd = find_nextcmd(eap->arg);
  } else {
    pat = eap->arg + 1;
    end = skip_regexp_err(pat, *eap->arg, true);
    if (end == NULL) {
      give_up = true;
    }
  }

  if (!give_up) {
    bool caught = false;
    // Don't do something when no exception has been thrown or when the
    // corresponding try block never got active (because of an inactive
    // surrounding conditional or after an error or interrupt or throw).
    if (!did_throw || !(cstack->cs_flags[idx] & CSF_TRUE)) {
      skip = true;
    }

    // Check for a match only if an exception is thrown but not caught by
    // a previous ":catch".  An exception that has replaced a discarded
    // exception is not checked (THROWN is not set then).
    if (!skip && (cstack->cs_flags[idx] & CSF_THROWN)
        && !(cstack->cs_flags[idx] & CSF_CAUGHT)) {
      if (end != NULL && *end != NUL && !ends_excmd(*skipwhite(end + 1))) {
        semsg(_(e_trailing_arg), end);
        return;
      }

      // When debugging or a breakpoint was encountered, display the
      // debug prompt (if not already done) before checking for a match.
      // This is a helpful hint for the user when the regular expression
      // matching fails.  Handle a ">quit" debug command as if an
      // interrupt had occurred before the ":catch".  That is, discard
      // the original exception, replace it by an interrupt exception,
      // and don't catch it in this try block.
      if (!dbg_check_skipped(eap) || !do_intthrow(cstack)) {
        char save_char = 0;
        // Terminate the pattern and avoid the 'l' flag in 'cpoptions'
        // while compiling it.
        if (end != NULL) {
          save_char = *end;
          *end = NUL;
        }
        save_cpo = p_cpo;
        p_cpo = empty_string_option;
        // Disable error messages, it will make current exception
        // invalid
        emsg_off++;
        regmatch.regprog = vim_regcomp(pat, RE_MAGIC + RE_STRING);
        emsg_off--;
        regmatch.rm_ic = false;
        if (end != NULL) {
          *end = save_char;
        }
        p_cpo = save_cpo;
        if (regmatch.regprog == NULL) {
          semsg(_(e_invarg2), pat);
        } else {
          // Save the value of got_int and reset it.  We don't want
          // a previous interruption cancel matching, only hitting
          // CTRL-C while matching should abort it.

          int prev_got_int = got_int;
          got_int = false;
          caught = vim_regexec_nl(&regmatch, current_exception->value, 0);
          got_int |= prev_got_int;
          vim_regfree(regmatch.regprog);
        }
      }
    }

    if (caught) {
      // Make this ":catch" clause active and reset did_emsg, got_int,
      // and did_throw.  Put the exception on the caught stack.
      cstack->cs_flags[idx] |= CSF_ACTIVE | CSF_CAUGHT;
      did_emsg = got_int = did_throw = false;
      catch_exception((except_T *)cstack->cs_exception[idx]);
      // It's mandatory that the current exception is stored in the cstack
      // so that it can be discarded at the next ":catch", ":finally", or
      // ":endtry" or when the catch clause is left by a ":continue",
      // ":break", ":return", ":finish", error, interrupt, or another
      // exception.
      if (cstack->cs_exception[cstack->cs_idx] != current_exception) {
        internal_error("ex_catch()");
      }
    } else {
      // If there is a preceding catch clause and it caught the exception,
      // finish the exception now.  This happens also after errors except
      // when this ":catch" was after the ":finally" or not within
      // a ":try".  Make the try conditional inactive so that the
      // following catch clauses are skipped.  On an error or interrupt
      // after the preceding try block or catch clause was left by
      // a ":continue", ":break", ":return", or ":finish", discard the
      // pending action.
      cleanup_conditionals(cstack, CSF_TRY, true);
    }
  }

  if (end != NULL) {
    eap->nextcmd = find_nextcmd(end);
  }
}

/// Handle ":finally"
void ex_finally(exarg_T *eap)
{
  int idx;
  int pending = CSTP_NONE;
  cstack_T *const cstack = eap->cstack;

  for (idx = cstack->cs_idx; idx >= 0; idx--) {
    if (cstack->cs_flags[idx] & CSF_TRY) {
      break;
    }
  }
  if (cstack->cs_trylevel <= 0 || idx < 0) {
    eap->errmsg = _("E606: :finally without :try");
    return;
  }

  if (!(cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] & CSF_TRY)) {
    eap->errmsg = get_end_emsg(cstack);
    // Make this error pending, so that the commands in the following
    // finally clause can be executed.  This overrules also a pending
    // ":continue", ":break", ":return", or ":finish".
    pending = CSTP_ERROR;
  }

  if (cstack->cs_flags[idx] & CSF_FINALLY) {
    // Give up for a multiple ":finally" and ignore it.
    eap->errmsg = _(e_multiple_finally);
    return;
  }
  rewind_conditionals(cstack, idx, CSF_WHILE | CSF_FOR,
                      &cstack->cs_looplevel);

  // Don't do something when the corresponding try block never got active
  // (because of an inactive surrounding conditional or after an error or
  // interrupt or throw) or for a ":finally" without ":try" or a multiple
  // ":finally".  After every other error (did_emsg or the conditional
  // errors detected above) or after an interrupt (got_int) or an
  // exception (did_throw), the finally clause must be executed.
  int skip = !(cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] & CSF_TRUE);

  if (!skip) {
    // When debugging or a breakpoint was encountered, display the
    // debug prompt (if not already done).  The user then knows that the
    // finally clause is executed.
    if (dbg_check_skipped(eap)) {
      // Handle a ">quit" debug command as if an interrupt had
      // occurred before the ":finally".  That is, discard the
      // original exception and replace it by an interrupt
      // exception.
      do_intthrow(cstack);
    }

    // If there is a preceding catch clause and it caught the exception,
    // finish the exception now.  This happens also after errors except
    // when this is a multiple ":finally" or one not within a ":try".
    // After an error or interrupt, this also discards a pending
    // ":continue", ":break", ":finish", or ":return" from the preceding
    // try block or catch clause.
    cleanup_conditionals(cstack, CSF_TRY, false);

    // Make did_emsg, got_int, did_throw pending.  If set, they overrule
    // a pending ":continue", ":break", ":return", or ":finish".  Then
    // we have particularly to discard a pending return value (as done
    // by the call to cleanup_conditionals() above when did_emsg or
    // got_int is set).  The pending values are restored by the
    // ":endtry", except if there is a new error, interrupt, exception,
    // ":continue", ":break", ":return", or ":finish" in the following
    // finally clause.  A missing ":endwhile", ":endfor" or ":endif"
    // detected here is treated as if did_emsg and did_throw had
    // already been set, respectively in case that the error is not
    // converted to an exception, did_throw had already been unset.
    // We must not set did_emsg here since that would suppress the
    // error message.
    if (pending == CSTP_ERROR || did_emsg || got_int || did_throw) {
      if (cstack->cs_pending[cstack->cs_idx] == CSTP_RETURN) {
        report_discard_pending(CSTP_RETURN,
                               cstack->cs_rettv[cstack->cs_idx]);
        discard_pending_return(cstack->cs_rettv[cstack->cs_idx]);
      }
      if (pending == CSTP_ERROR && !did_emsg) {
        pending |= (THROW_ON_ERROR ? CSTP_THROW : 0);
      } else {
        pending |= (did_throw ? CSTP_THROW : 0);
      }
      pending |= did_emsg ? CSTP_ERROR : 0;
      pending |= got_int ? CSTP_INTERRUPT : 0;
      assert(pending >= CHAR_MIN && pending <= CHAR_MAX);
      cstack->cs_pending[cstack->cs_idx] = (char)pending;

      // It's mandatory that the current exception is stored in the
      // cstack so that it can be rethrown at the ":endtry" or be
      // discarded if the finally clause is left by a ":continue",
      // ":break", ":return", ":finish", error, interrupt, or another
      // exception.  When emsg() is called for a missing ":endif" or
      // a missing ":endwhile"/":endfor" detected here, the
      // exception will be discarded.
      if (did_throw && cstack->cs_exception[cstack->cs_idx] != current_exception) {
        internal_error("ex_finally()");
      }
    }

    // Set CSL_HAD_FINA, so do_cmdline() will reset did_emsg,
    // got_int, and did_throw and make the finally clause active.
    // This will happen after emsg() has been called for a missing
    // ":endif" or a missing ":endwhile"/":endfor" detected here, so
    // that the following finally clause will be executed even then.
    cstack->cs_lflags |= CSL_HAD_FINA;
  }
}

/// Handle ":endtry"
void ex_endtry(exarg_T *eap)
{
  int idx;
  bool rethrow = false;
  char pending = CSTP_NONE;
  void *rettv = NULL;
  cstack_T *const cstack = eap->cstack;

  for (idx = cstack->cs_idx; idx >= 0; idx--) {
    if (cstack->cs_flags[idx] & CSF_TRY) {
      break;
    }
  }
  if (cstack->cs_trylevel <= 0 || idx < 0) {
    eap->errmsg = _("E602: :endtry without :try");
    return;
  }

  // Don't do something after an error, interrupt or throw in the try
  // block, catch clause, or finally clause preceding this ":endtry" or
  // when an error or interrupt occurred after a ":continue", ":break",
  // ":return", or ":finish" in a try block or catch clause preceding this
  // ":endtry" or when the try block never got active (because of an
  // inactive surrounding conditional or after an error or interrupt or
  // throw) or when there is a surrounding conditional and it has been
  // made inactive by a ":continue", ":break", ":return", or ":finish" in
  // the finally clause.  The latter case need not be tested since then
  // anything pending has already been discarded.
  bool skip = did_emsg || got_int || did_throw || !(cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] & CSF_TRUE);

  if (!(cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] & CSF_TRY)) {
    eap->errmsg = get_end_emsg(cstack);

    // Find the matching ":try" and report what's missing.
    rewind_conditionals(cstack, idx, CSF_WHILE | CSF_FOR,
                        &cstack->cs_looplevel);
    skip = true;

    // If an exception is being thrown, discard it to prevent it from
    // being rethrown at the end of this function.  It would be
    // discarded by the error message, anyway.  Resets did_throw.
    // This does not affect the script termination due to the error
    // since "trylevel" is decremented after emsg() has been called.
    if (did_throw) {
      discard_current_exception();
    }

    // report eap->errmsg, also when there already was an error
    did_emsg = false;
  } else {
    idx = cstack->cs_idx;

    // If we stopped with the exception currently being thrown at this
    // try conditional since we didn't know that it doesn't have
    // a finally clause, we need to rethrow it after closing the try
    // conditional.
    if (did_throw
        && (cstack->cs_flags[idx] & CSF_TRUE)
        && !(cstack->cs_flags[idx] & CSF_FINALLY)) {
      rethrow = true;
    }
  }

  // If there was no finally clause, show the user when debugging or
  // a breakpoint was encountered that the end of the try conditional has
  // been reached: display the debug prompt (if not already done).  Do
  // this on normal control flow or when an exception was thrown, but not
  // on an interrupt or error not converted to an exception or when
  // a ":break", ":continue", ":return", or ":finish" is pending.  These
  // actions are carried out immediately.
  if ((rethrow || (!skip
                   && !(cstack->cs_flags[idx] & CSF_FINALLY)
                   && !cstack->cs_pending[idx]))
      && dbg_check_skipped(eap)) {
    // Handle a ">quit" debug command as if an interrupt had occurred
    // before the ":endtry".  That is, throw an interrupt exception and
    // set "skip" and "rethrow".
    if (got_int) {
      skip = true;
      do_intthrow(cstack);
      // The do_intthrow() call may have reset did_throw or
      // cstack->cs_pending[idx].
      rethrow = false;
      if (did_throw && !(cstack->cs_flags[idx] & CSF_FINALLY)) {
        rethrow = true;
      }
    }
  }

  // If a ":return" is pending, we need to resume it after closing the
  // try conditional; remember the return value.  If there was a finally
  // clause making an exception pending, we need to rethrow it.  Make it
  // the exception currently being thrown.
  if (!skip) {
    pending = cstack->cs_pending[idx];
    cstack->cs_pending[idx] = CSTP_NONE;
    if (pending == CSTP_RETURN) {
      rettv = cstack->cs_rettv[idx];
    } else if (pending & CSTP_THROW) {
      current_exception = cstack->cs_exception[idx];
    }
  }

  // Discard anything pending on an error, interrupt, or throw in the
  // finally clause.  If there was no ":finally", discard a pending
  // ":continue", ":break", ":return", or ":finish" if an error or
  // interrupt occurred afterwards, but before the ":endtry" was reached.
  // If an exception was caught by the last of the catch clauses and there
  // was no finally clause, finish the exception now.  This happens also
  // after errors except when this ":endtry" is not within a ":try".
  // Restore "emsg_silent" if it has been reset by this try conditional.
  cleanup_conditionals(cstack, CSF_TRY | CSF_SILENT, true);

  if (cstack->cs_idx >= 0 && (cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] & CSF_TRY)) {
    cstack->cs_idx--;
  }
  cstack->cs_trylevel--;

  if (!skip) {
    report_resume_pending(pending,
                          (pending == CSTP_RETURN)
                          ? rettv
                          : (pending & CSTP_THROW) ? (void *)current_exception : NULL);
    switch (pending) {
    case CSTP_NONE:
      break;

    // Reactivate a pending ":continue", ":break", ":return",
    // ":finish" from the try block or a catch clause of this try
    // conditional.  This is skipped, if there was an error in an
    // (unskipped) conditional command or an interrupt afterwards
    // or if the finally clause is present and executed a new error,
    // interrupt, throw, ":continue", ":break", ":return", or
    // ":finish".
    case CSTP_CONTINUE:
      ex_continue(eap);
      break;
    case CSTP_BREAK:
      ex_break(eap);
      break;
    case CSTP_RETURN:
      do_return(eap, false, false, rettv);
      break;
    case CSTP_FINISH:
      do_finish(eap, false);
      break;

    // When the finally clause was entered due to an error,
    // interrupt or throw (as opposed to a ":continue", ":break",
    // ":return", or ":finish"), restore the pending values of
    // did_emsg, got_int, and did_throw.  This is skipped, if there
    // was a new error, interrupt, throw, ":continue", ":break",
    // ":return", or ":finish".  in the finally clause.
    default:
      if (pending & CSTP_ERROR) {
        did_emsg = true;
      }
      if (pending & CSTP_INTERRUPT) {
        got_int = true;
      }
      if (pending & CSTP_THROW) {
        rethrow = true;
      }
      break;
    }
  }

  if (rethrow) {
    // Rethrow the current exception (within this cstack).
    do_throw(cstack);
  }
}

// enter_cleanup() and leave_cleanup()
//
// Functions to be called before/after invoking a sequence of autocommands for
// cleanup for a failed command.  (Failure means here that a call to emsg()
// has been made, an interrupt occurred, or there is an uncaught exception
// from a previous autocommand execution of the same command.)
//
// Call enter_cleanup() with a pointer to a cleanup_T and pass the same
// pointer to leave_cleanup().  The cleanup_T structure stores the pending
// error/interrupt/exception state.

/// This function works a bit like ex_finally() except that there was not
/// actually an extra try block around the part that failed and an error or
/// interrupt has not (yet) been converted to an exception.  This function
/// saves the error/interrupt/ exception state and prepares for the call to
/// do_cmdline() that is going to be made for the cleanup autocommand
/// execution.
void enter_cleanup(cleanup_T *csp)
{
  int pending = CSTP_NONE;

  // Postpone did_emsg, got_int, did_throw.  The pending values will be
  // restored by leave_cleanup() except if there was an aborting error,
  // interrupt, or uncaught exception after this function ends.
  if (did_emsg || got_int || did_throw || need_rethrow) {
    csp->pending = (did_emsg ? CSTP_ERROR : 0)
                   | (got_int ? CSTP_INTERRUPT : 0)
                   | (did_throw ? CSTP_THROW : 0)
                   | (need_rethrow ? CSTP_THROW : 0);

    // If we are currently throwing an exception (did_throw), save it as
    // well.  On an error not yet converted to an exception, update
    // "force_abort" and reset "cause_abort" (as do_errthrow() would do).
    // This is needed for the do_cmdline() call that is going to be made
    // for autocommand execution.  We need not save *msg_list because
    // there is an extra instance for every call of do_cmdline(), anyway.
    if (did_throw || need_rethrow) {
      csp->exception = current_exception;
      current_exception = NULL;
    } else {
      csp->exception = NULL;
      if (did_emsg) {
        force_abort |= cause_abort;
        cause_abort = false;
      }
    }
    did_emsg = got_int = did_throw = need_rethrow = false;

    // Report if required by the 'verbose' option or when debugging.
    report_make_pending(pending, csp->exception);
  } else {
    csp->pending = CSTP_NONE;
    csp->exception = NULL;
  }
}

/// This function is a bit like ex_endtry() except that there was not actually
/// an extra try block around the part that failed and an error or interrupt
/// had not (yet) been converted to an exception when the cleanup autocommand
/// sequence was invoked.
///
/// See comment above enter_cleanup() for how this function is used.
///
/// This function has to be called with the address of the cleanup_T structure
/// filled by enter_cleanup() as an argument; it restores the error/interrupt/
/// exception state saved by that function - except there was an aborting
/// error, an interrupt or an uncaught exception during execution of the
/// cleanup autocommands.  In the latter case, the saved error/interrupt/
/// exception state is discarded.
void leave_cleanup(cleanup_T *csp)
{
  int pending = csp->pending;

  if (pending == CSTP_NONE) {   // nothing to do
    return;
  }

  // If there was an aborting error, an interrupt, or an uncaught exception
  // after the corresponding call to enter_cleanup(), discard what has been
  // made pending by it.  Report this to the user if required by the
  // 'verbose' option or when debugging.
  if (aborting() || need_rethrow) {
    if (pending & CSTP_THROW) {
      // Cancel the pending exception (includes report).
      discard_exception(csp->exception, false);
    } else {
      report_discard_pending(pending, NULL);
    }

    // If an error was about to be converted to an exception when
    // enter_cleanup() was called, free the message list.
    if (msg_list != NULL) {
      free_global_msglist();
    }
  } else {
    // If there was no new error, interrupt, or throw between the calls
    // to enter_cleanup() and leave_cleanup(), restore the pending
    // error/interrupt/exception state.

    // If there was an exception being thrown when enter_cleanup() was
    // called, we need to rethrow it.  Make it the exception currently
    // being thrown.
    if (pending & CSTP_THROW) {
      current_exception = csp->exception;
    } else if (pending & CSTP_ERROR) {
      // If an error was about to be converted to an exception when
      // enter_cleanup() was called, let "cause_abort" take the part of
      // "force_abort" (as done by cause_errthrow()).
      cause_abort = force_abort;
      force_abort = false;
    }

    // Restore the pending values of did_emsg, got_int, and did_throw.
    if (pending & CSTP_ERROR) {
      did_emsg = true;
    }
    if (pending & CSTP_INTERRUPT) {
      got_int = true;
    }
    if (pending & CSTP_THROW) {
      need_rethrow = true;  // did_throw will be set by do_one_cmd()
    }

    // Report if required by the 'verbose' option or when debugging.
    report_resume_pending(pending, ((pending & CSTP_THROW) ? (void *)current_exception : NULL));
  }
}

/// Make conditionals inactive and discard what's pending in finally clauses
/// until the conditional type searched for or a try conditional not in its
/// finally clause is reached.  If this is in an active catch clause, finish
/// the caught exception.
///
///
/// @param searched_cond  Possible values are (CSF_WHILE | CSF_FOR) or CSF_TRY or 0,
///                       the latter meaning the innermost try conditional not
///                       in its finally clause.
/// @param inclusive      tells whether the conditional searched for should be made
///                       inactive itself (a try conditional not in its finally
///                       clause possibly find before is always made inactive).
///
/// If "inclusive" is true and "searched_cond" is CSF_TRY|CSF_SILENT, the saved
/// former value of "emsg_silent", if reset when the try conditional finally
/// reached was entered, is restored (used by ex_endtry()).  This is normally
/// done only when such a try conditional is left.
///
/// @return  the cstack index where the search stopped.
int cleanup_conditionals(cstack_T *cstack, int searched_cond, int inclusive)
{
  int idx;
  bool stop = false;

  for (idx = cstack->cs_idx; idx >= 0; idx--) {
    if (cstack->cs_flags[idx] & CSF_TRY) {
      // Discard anything pending in a finally clause and continue the
      // search.  There may also be a pending ":continue", ":break",
      // ":return", or ":finish" before the finally clause.  We must not
      // discard it, unless an error or interrupt occurred afterwards.
      if (did_emsg || got_int || (cstack->cs_flags[idx] & CSF_FINALLY)) {
        switch (cstack->cs_pending[idx]) {
        case CSTP_NONE:
          break;

        case CSTP_CONTINUE:
        case CSTP_BREAK:
        case CSTP_FINISH:
          report_discard_pending(cstack->cs_pending[idx], NULL);
          cstack->cs_pending[idx] = CSTP_NONE;
          break;

        case CSTP_RETURN:
          report_discard_pending(CSTP_RETURN,
                                 cstack->cs_rettv[idx]);
          discard_pending_return(cstack->cs_rettv[idx]);
          cstack->cs_pending[idx] = CSTP_NONE;
          break;

        default:
          if (cstack->cs_flags[idx] & CSF_FINALLY) {
            if ((cstack->cs_pending[idx] & CSTP_THROW) && cstack->cs_exception[idx] != NULL) {
              // Cancel the pending exception.  This is in the
              // finally clause, so that the stack of the
              // caught exceptions is not involved.
              discard_exception((except_T *)cstack->cs_exception[idx], false);
            } else {
              report_discard_pending(cstack->cs_pending[idx], NULL);
            }
            cstack->cs_pending[idx] = CSTP_NONE;
          }
          break;
        }
      }

      // Stop at a try conditional not in its finally clause.  If this try
      // conditional is in an active catch clause, finish the caught
      // exception.
      if (!(cstack->cs_flags[idx] & CSF_FINALLY)) {
        if ((cstack->cs_flags[idx] & CSF_ACTIVE)
            && (cstack->cs_flags[idx] & CSF_CAUGHT) && !(cstack->cs_flags[idx] & CSF_FINISHED)) {
          finish_exception((except_T *)cstack->cs_exception[idx]);
          cstack->cs_flags[idx] |= CSF_FINISHED;
        }
        // Stop at this try conditional - except the try block never
        // got active (because of an inactive surrounding conditional
        // or when the ":try" appeared after an error or interrupt or
        // throw).
        if (cstack->cs_flags[idx] & CSF_TRUE) {
          if (searched_cond == 0 && !inclusive) {
            break;
          }
          stop = true;
        }
      }
    }

    // Stop on the searched conditional type (even when the surrounding
    // conditional is not active or something has been made pending).
    // If "inclusive" is true and "searched_cond" is CSF_TRY|CSF_SILENT,
    // check first whether "emsg_silent" needs to be restored.
    if (cstack->cs_flags[idx] & searched_cond) {
      if (!inclusive) {
        break;
      }
      stop = true;
    }
    cstack->cs_flags[idx] &= ~CSF_ACTIVE;
    if (stop && searched_cond != (CSF_TRY | CSF_SILENT)) {
      break;
    }

    // When leaving a try conditional that reset "emsg_silent" on its
    // entry after saving the original value, restore that value here and
    // free the memory used to store it.
    if ((cstack->cs_flags[idx] & CSF_TRY)
        && (cstack->cs_flags[idx] & CSF_SILENT)) {
      eslist_T *elem;

      elem = cstack->cs_emsg_silent_list;
      cstack->cs_emsg_silent_list = elem->next;
      emsg_silent = elem->saved_emsg_silent;
      xfree(elem);
      cstack->cs_flags[idx] &= ~CSF_SILENT;
    }
    if (stop) {
      break;
    }
  }
  return idx;
}

/// @return  an appropriate error message for a missing endwhile/endfor/endif.
static char *get_end_emsg(cstack_T *cstack)
{
  if (cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] & CSF_WHILE) {
    return _(e_endwhile);
  }
  if (cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] & CSF_FOR) {
    return _(e_endfor);
  }
  return _(e_endif);
}

/// Rewind conditionals until index "idx" is reached.  "cond_type" and
/// "cond_level" specify a conditional type and the address of a level variable
/// which is to be decremented with each skipped conditional of the specified
/// type.
/// Also free "for info" structures where needed.
void rewind_conditionals(cstack_T *cstack, int idx, int cond_type, int *cond_level)
{
  while (cstack->cs_idx > idx) {
    if (cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] & cond_type) {
      (*cond_level)--;
    }
    if (cstack->cs_flags[cstack->cs_idx] & CSF_FOR) {
      free_for_info(cstack->cs_forinfo[cstack->cs_idx]);
    }
    cstack->cs_idx--;
  }
}

/// Handle ":endfunction" when not after a ":function"
void ex_endfunction(exarg_T *eap)
{
  semsg(_(e_str_not_inside_function), ":endfunction");
}

/// @return  true if the string "p" looks like a ":while" or ":for" command.
bool has_loop_cmd(char *p)
{
  // skip modifiers, white space and ':'
  while (true) {
    while (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t' || *p == ':') {
      p++;
    }
    int len = modifier_len(p);
    if (len == 0) {
      break;
    }
    p += len;
  }
  if ((p[0] == 'w' && p[1] == 'h')
      || (p[0] == 'f' && p[1] == 'o' && p[2] == 'r')) {
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}