// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check
// it. PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com

// Terminal UI functions. Invoked (by ui_bridge.c) on the TUI thread.

#include <assert.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>

#include <uv.h>
#include <unibilium.h>
#if defined(HAVE_TERMIOS_H)
# include <termios.h>
#endif

#include "nvim/lib/kvec.h"

#include "nvim/ascii.h"
#include "nvim/vim.h"
#include "nvim/log.h"
#include "nvim/ui.h"
#include "nvim/map.h"
#include "nvim/main.h"
#include "nvim/memory.h"
#include "nvim/api/vim.h"
#include "nvim/api/private/helpers.h"
#include "nvim/event/loop.h"
#include "nvim/event/signal.h"
#include "nvim/os/input.h"
#include "nvim/os/os.h"
#include "nvim/strings.h"
#include "nvim/ui_bridge.h"
#include "nvim/ugrid.h"
#include "nvim/tui/input.h"
#include "nvim/tui/tui.h"
#include "nvim/cursor_shape.h"
#include "nvim/syntax.h"
#include "nvim/macros.h"

// Space reserved in the output buffer to restore the cursor to normal when
// flushing. No existing terminal will require 32 bytes to do that.
#define CNORM_COMMAND_MAX_SIZE 32
#define OUTBUF_SIZE 0xffff

#define TOO_MANY_EVENTS 1000000
#define STARTS_WITH(str, prefix) (!memcmp(str, prefix, sizeof(prefix) - 1))
#define TMUX_WRAP(seq) (is_tmux ? "\x1bPtmux;\x1b" seq "\x1b\\" : seq)

typedef enum TermType {
  kTermUnknown,
  kTermGnome,
  kTermiTerm,
  kTermKonsole,
  kTermRxvt,
  kTermDTTerm,
  kTermXTerm,
  kTermTeraTerm,
} TermType;

typedef struct {
  int top, bot, left, right;
} Rect;

typedef struct {
  UIBridgeData *bridge;
  Loop *loop;
  bool stop;
  unibi_var_t params[9];
  char buf[OUTBUF_SIZE];
  size_t bufpos, bufsize;
  TermInput input;
  uv_loop_t write_loop;
  unibi_term *ut;
  union {
    uv_tty_t tty;
    uv_pipe_t pipe;
  } output_handle;
  bool out_isatty;
  SignalWatcher winch_handle, cont_handle;
  bool cont_received;
  UGrid grid;
  kvec_t(Rect) invalid_regions;
  int out_fd;
  bool scroll_region_is_full_screen;
  bool can_change_scroll_region;
  bool can_set_lr_margin;
  bool can_set_left_right_margin;
  bool mouse_enabled;
  bool busy;
  cursorentry_T cursor_shapes[SHAPE_IDX_COUNT];
  HlAttrs print_attrs;
  ModeShape showing_mode;
  TermType term;
  struct {
    int enable_mouse, disable_mouse;
    int enable_bracketed_paste, disable_bracketed_paste;
    int enable_lr_margin, disable_lr_margin;
    int set_rgb_foreground, set_rgb_background;
    int set_cursor_color;
    int enable_focus_reporting, disable_focus_reporting;
    int resize_screen;
    int reset_scroll_region;
  } unibi_ext;
} TUIData;

static bool volatile got_winch = false;
static bool cursor_style_enabled = false;
static bool is_tmux = false;

#ifdef INCLUDE_GENERATED_DECLARATIONS
# include "tui/tui.c.generated.h"
#endif


UI *tui_start(void)
{
  UI *ui = xcalloc(1, sizeof(UI));
  ui->stop = tui_stop;
  ui->rgb = p_tgc;
  ui->resize = tui_resize;
  ui->clear = tui_clear;
  ui->eol_clear = tui_eol_clear;
  ui->cursor_goto = tui_cursor_goto;
  ui->mode_info_set = tui_mode_info_set;
  ui->update_menu = tui_update_menu;
  ui->busy_start = tui_busy_start;
  ui->busy_stop = tui_busy_stop;
  ui->mouse_on = tui_mouse_on;
  ui->mouse_off = tui_mouse_off;
  ui->mode_change = tui_mode_change;
  ui->set_scroll_region = tui_set_scroll_region;
  ui->scroll = tui_scroll;
  ui->highlight_set = tui_highlight_set;
  ui->put = tui_put;
  ui->bell = tui_bell;
  ui->visual_bell = tui_visual_bell;
  ui->update_fg = tui_update_fg;
  ui->update_bg = tui_update_bg;
  ui->update_sp = tui_update_sp;
  ui->flush = tui_flush;
  ui->suspend = tui_suspend;
  ui->set_title = tui_set_title;
  ui->set_icon = tui_set_icon;
  ui->event = tui_event;

  memset(ui->ui_ext, 0, sizeof(ui->ui_ext));

  return ui_bridge_attach(ui, tui_main, tui_scheduler);
}

static void terminfo_start(UI *ui)
{
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  data->scroll_region_is_full_screen = true;
  data->bufpos = 0;
  data->bufsize = sizeof(data->buf) - CNORM_COMMAND_MAX_SIZE;
  data->showing_mode = SHAPE_IDX_N;
  data->unibi_ext.enable_mouse = -1;
  data->unibi_ext.disable_mouse = -1;
  data->unibi_ext.set_cursor_color = -1;
  data->unibi_ext.enable_bracketed_paste = -1;
  data->unibi_ext.disable_bracketed_paste = -1;
  data->unibi_ext.enable_lr_margin = -1;
  data->unibi_ext.disable_lr_margin = -1;
  data->unibi_ext.enable_focus_reporting = -1;
  data->unibi_ext.disable_focus_reporting = -1;
  data->unibi_ext.resize_screen = -1;
  data->unibi_ext.reset_scroll_region = -1;
  data->out_fd = 1;
  data->out_isatty = os_isatty(data->out_fd);
  // setup unibilium
  data->ut = unibi_from_env();
  if (!data->ut) {
    // For some reason could not read terminfo file, use a dummy entry that
    // will be populated with common values by fix_terminfo below
    data->ut = unibi_dummy();
  }
  fix_terminfo(data);
  data->can_change_scroll_region =
    !!unibi_get_str(data->ut, unibi_change_scroll_region);
  data->can_set_lr_margin =
    !!unibi_get_str(data->ut, unibi_set_lr_margin);
  data->can_set_left_right_margin =
    !!unibi_get_str(data->ut, unibi_set_left_margin_parm)
    && !!unibi_get_str(data->ut, unibi_set_right_margin_parm);
  // Set 't_Co' from the result of unibilium & fix_terminfo.
  t_colors = unibi_get_num(data->ut, unibi_max_colors);
  // Enter alternate screen and clear
  // NOTE: Do this *before* changing terminal settings. #6433
  unibi_out(ui, unibi_enter_ca_mode);
  unibi_out(ui, unibi_clear_screen);
  // Enable bracketed paste
  unibi_out(ui, data->unibi_ext.enable_bracketed_paste);
  // Enable focus reporting
  unibi_out(ui, data->unibi_ext.enable_focus_reporting);
  uv_loop_init(&data->write_loop);
  if (data->out_isatty) {
    uv_tty_init(&data->write_loop, &data->output_handle.tty, data->out_fd, 0);
    uv_tty_set_mode(&data->output_handle.tty, UV_TTY_MODE_RAW);
  } else {
    uv_pipe_init(&data->write_loop, &data->output_handle.pipe, 0);
    uv_pipe_open(&data->output_handle.pipe, data->out_fd);
  }
}

static void terminfo_stop(UI *ui)
{
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  // Destroy output stuff
  tui_mode_change(ui, (String)STRING_INIT, SHAPE_IDX_N);
  tui_mouse_off(ui);
  unibi_out(ui, unibi_exit_attribute_mode);
  // cursor should be set to normal before exiting alternate screen
  unibi_out(ui, unibi_cursor_normal);
  unibi_out(ui, unibi_exit_ca_mode);
  // Disable bracketed paste
  unibi_out(ui, data->unibi_ext.disable_bracketed_paste);
  // Disable focus reporting
  unibi_out(ui, data->unibi_ext.disable_focus_reporting);
  flush_buf(ui, true);
  uv_tty_reset_mode();
  uv_close((uv_handle_t *)&data->output_handle, NULL);
  uv_run(&data->write_loop, UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
  if (uv_loop_close(&data->write_loop)) {
    abort();
  }
  unibi_destroy(data->ut);
}

static void tui_terminal_start(UI *ui)
{
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  data->print_attrs = EMPTY_ATTRS;
  ugrid_init(&data->grid);
  terminfo_start(ui);
  update_size(ui);
  signal_watcher_start(&data->winch_handle, sigwinch_cb, SIGWINCH);
  term_input_start(&data->input);
}

static void tui_terminal_stop(UI *ui)
{
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  term_input_stop(&data->input);
  signal_watcher_stop(&data->winch_handle);
  terminfo_stop(ui);
  ugrid_free(&data->grid);
}

static void tui_stop(UI *ui)
{
  tui_terminal_stop(ui);
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  data->stop = true;
}

// Main function of the TUI thread
static void tui_main(UIBridgeData *bridge, UI *ui)
{
  Loop tui_loop;
  loop_init(&tui_loop, NULL);
  TUIData *data = xcalloc(1, sizeof(TUIData));
  ui->data = data;
  data->bridge = bridge;
  data->loop = &tui_loop;
  kv_init(data->invalid_regions);
  signal_watcher_init(data->loop, &data->winch_handle, ui);
  signal_watcher_init(data->loop, &data->cont_handle, data);
#ifdef UNIX
  signal_watcher_start(&data->cont_handle, sigcont_cb, SIGCONT);
#endif

#if TERMKEY_VERSION_MAJOR > 0 || TERMKEY_VERSION_MINOR > 18
  data->input.tk_ti_hook_fn = tui_tk_ti_getstr;
#endif
  term_input_init(&data->input, &tui_loop);
  tui_terminal_start(ui);
  data->stop = false;

  // allow the main thread to continue, we are ready to start handling UI
  // callbacks
  CONTINUE(bridge);

  while (!data->stop) {
    loop_poll_events(&tui_loop, -1);
  }

  ui_bridge_stopped(bridge);
  term_input_destroy(&data->input);
  signal_watcher_stop(&data->cont_handle);
  signal_watcher_close(&data->cont_handle, NULL);
  signal_watcher_close(&data->winch_handle, NULL);
  loop_close(&tui_loop, false);
  kv_destroy(data->invalid_regions);
  xfree(data);
  xfree(ui);
}

static void tui_scheduler(Event event, void *d)
{
  UI *ui = d;
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  loop_schedule(data->loop, event);
}

#ifdef UNIX
static void sigcont_cb(SignalWatcher *watcher, int signum, void *data)
{
  ((TUIData *)data)->cont_received = true;
}
#endif

static void sigwinch_cb(SignalWatcher *watcher, int signum, void *data)
{
  got_winch = true;
  UI *ui = data;
  update_size(ui);
  ui_schedule_refresh();
}

static bool attrs_differ(HlAttrs a1, HlAttrs a2)
{
  return a1.foreground != a2.foreground || a1.background != a2.background
    || a1.bold != a2.bold || a1.italic != a2.italic
    || a1.undercurl != a2.undercurl || a1.underline != a2.underline
    || a1.reverse != a2.reverse;
}

static void update_attrs(UI *ui, HlAttrs attrs)
{
  TUIData *data = ui->data;

  if (!attrs_differ(attrs, data->print_attrs)) {
    return;
  }

  data->print_attrs = attrs;
  unibi_out(ui, unibi_exit_attribute_mode);
  UGrid *grid = &data->grid;

  int fg = attrs.foreground != -1 ? attrs.foreground : grid->fg;
  int bg = attrs.background != -1 ? attrs.background : grid->bg;

  if (ui->rgb) {
    if (fg != -1) {
      data->params[0].i = (fg >> 16) & 0xff;  // red
      data->params[1].i = (fg >> 8) & 0xff;   // green
      data->params[2].i = fg & 0xff;          // blue
      unibi_out(ui, data->unibi_ext.set_rgb_foreground);
    }

    if (bg != -1) {
      data->params[0].i = (bg >> 16) & 0xff;  // red
      data->params[1].i = (bg >> 8) & 0xff;   // green
      data->params[2].i = bg & 0xff;          // blue
      unibi_out(ui, data->unibi_ext.set_rgb_background);
    }
  } else {
    if (fg != -1) {
      data->params[0].i = fg;
      unibi_out(ui, unibi_set_a_foreground);
    }

    if (bg != -1) {
      data->params[0].i = bg;
      unibi_out(ui, unibi_set_a_background);
    }
  }

  if (attrs.bold) {
    unibi_out(ui, unibi_enter_bold_mode);
  }
  if (attrs.italic) {
    unibi_out(ui, unibi_enter_italics_mode);
  }
  if (attrs.underline || attrs.undercurl) {
    unibi_out(ui, unibi_enter_underline_mode);
  }
  if (attrs.reverse) {
    unibi_out(ui, unibi_enter_reverse_mode);
  }
}

static void print_cell(UI *ui, UCell *ptr)
{
  update_attrs(ui, ptr->attrs);
  out(ui, ptr->data, strlen(ptr->data));
}

static void clear_region(UI *ui, int top, int bot, int left, int right)
{
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  UGrid *grid = &data->grid;

  bool cleared = false;
  if (grid->bg == -1 && right == ui->width -1) {
    // Background is set to the default color and the right edge matches the
    // screen end, try to use terminal codes for clearing the requested area.
    HlAttrs clear_attrs = EMPTY_ATTRS;
    clear_attrs.foreground = grid->fg;
    clear_attrs.background = grid->bg;
    update_attrs(ui, clear_attrs);
    if (left == 0) {
      if (bot == ui->height - 1) {
        if (top == 0) {
          unibi_out(ui, unibi_clear_screen);
        } else {
          unibi_goto(ui, top, 0);
          unibi_out(ui, unibi_clr_eos);
        }
        cleared = true;
      }
    }

    if (!cleared) {
      // iterate through each line and clear with clr_eol
      for (int row = top; row <= bot; ++row) {
        unibi_goto(ui, row, left);
        unibi_out(ui, unibi_clr_eol);
      }
      cleared = true;
    }
  }

  if (!cleared) {
    // could not clear using faster terminal codes, refresh the whole region
    int currow = -1;
    UGRID_FOREACH_CELL(grid, top, bot, left, right, {
      if (currow != row) {
        unibi_goto(ui, row, col);
        currow = row;
      }
      print_cell(ui, cell);
    });
  }

  // restore cursor
  unibi_goto(ui, grid->row, grid->col);
}

static bool can_use_scroll(UI * ui)
{
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  UGrid *grid = &data->grid;

  return data->scroll_region_is_full_screen
    || (data->can_change_scroll_region
        && ((grid->left == 0 && grid->right == ui->width - 1)
            || data->can_set_lr_margin
            || data->can_set_left_right_margin));
}

static void set_scroll_region(UI *ui)
{
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  UGrid *grid = &data->grid;

  data->params[0].i = grid->top;
  data->params[1].i = grid->bot;
  unibi_out(ui, unibi_change_scroll_region);
  if (grid->left != 0 || grid->right != ui->width - 1) {
    unibi_out(ui, data->unibi_ext.enable_lr_margin);
    if (data->can_set_lr_margin) {
      data->params[0].i = grid->left;
      data->params[1].i = grid->right;
      unibi_out(ui, unibi_set_lr_margin);
    } else {
      data->params[0].i = grid->left;
      unibi_out(ui, unibi_set_left_margin_parm);
      data->params[0].i = grid->right;
      unibi_out(ui, unibi_set_right_margin_parm);
    }
  }
  unibi_goto(ui, grid->row, grid->col);
}

static void reset_scroll_region(UI *ui)
{
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  UGrid *grid = &data->grid;

  if (0 <= data->unibi_ext.reset_scroll_region) {
    unibi_out(ui, data->unibi_ext.reset_scroll_region);
  } else {
    data->params[0].i = 0;
    data->params[1].i = ui->height - 1;
    unibi_out(ui, unibi_change_scroll_region);
  }
  if (grid->left != 0 || grid->right != ui->width - 1) {
    if (data->can_set_lr_margin) {
      data->params[0].i = 0;
      data->params[1].i = ui->width - 1;
      unibi_out(ui, unibi_set_lr_margin);
    } else {
      data->params[0].i = 0;
      unibi_out(ui, unibi_set_left_margin_parm);
      data->params[0].i = ui->width - 1;
      unibi_out(ui, unibi_set_right_margin_parm);
    }
    unibi_out(ui, data->unibi_ext.disable_lr_margin);
  }
  unibi_goto(ui, grid->row, grid->col);
}

static void tui_resize(UI *ui, Integer width, Integer height)
{
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  ugrid_resize(&data->grid, (int)width, (int)height);

  if (!got_winch) {  // Try to resize the terminal window.
    data->params[0].i = (int)height;
    data->params[1].i = (int)width;
    unibi_out(ui, data->unibi_ext.resize_screen);
    // DECSLPP does not reset the scroll region.
    if (data->scroll_region_is_full_screen) {
      reset_scroll_region(ui);
    }
  } else {  // Already handled the SIGWINCH signal; avoid double-resize.
    got_winch = false;
  }
}

static void tui_clear(UI *ui)
{
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  UGrid *grid = &data->grid;
  ugrid_clear(grid);
  clear_region(ui, grid->top, grid->bot, grid->left, grid->right);
}

static void tui_eol_clear(UI *ui)
{
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  UGrid *grid = &data->grid;
  ugrid_eol_clear(grid);
  clear_region(ui, grid->row, grid->row, grid->col, grid->right);
}

static void tui_cursor_goto(UI *ui, Integer row, Integer col)
{
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  ugrid_goto(&data->grid, (int)row, (int)col);
  unibi_goto(ui, (int)row, (int)col);
}

CursorShape tui_cursor_decode_shape(const char *shape_str)
{
  CursorShape shape = 0;
  if (strequal(shape_str, "block")) {
    shape = SHAPE_BLOCK;
  } else if (strequal(shape_str, "vertical")) {
    shape = SHAPE_VER;
  } else if (strequal(shape_str, "horizontal")) {
    shape = SHAPE_HOR;
  } else {
    EMSG2(_(e_invarg2), shape_str);
  }
  return shape;
}

static cursorentry_T decode_cursor_entry(Dictionary args)
{
  cursorentry_T r;

  for (size_t i = 0; i < args.size; i++) {
    char *key = args.items[i].key.data;
    Object value = args.items[i].value;

    if (strequal(key, "cursor_shape")) {
      r.shape = tui_cursor_decode_shape(args.items[i].value.data.string.data);
    } else if (strequal(key, "blinkon")) {
      r.blinkon = (int)value.data.integer;
    } else if (strequal(key, "blinkoff")) {
      r.blinkoff = (int)value.data.integer;
    } else if (strequal(key, "hl_id")) {
      r.id = (int)value.data.integer;
    }
  }
  return r;
}

static void tui_mode_info_set(UI *ui, bool guicursor_enabled, Array args)
{
  cursor_style_enabled = guicursor_enabled;
  if (!guicursor_enabled) {
    return;  // Do not send cursor style control codes.
  }
  TUIData *data = ui->data;

  assert(args.size);

  // cursor style entries as defined by `shape_table`.
  for (size_t i = 0; i < args.size; i++) {
    assert(args.items[i].type == kObjectTypeDictionary);
    cursorentry_T r = decode_cursor_entry(args.items[i].data.dictionary);
    data->cursor_shapes[i] = r;
  }

  tui_set_mode(ui, data->showing_mode);
}

static void tui_update_menu(UI *ui)
{
    // Do nothing; menus are for GUI only
}

static void tui_busy_start(UI *ui)
{
  ((TUIData *)ui->data)->busy = true;
}

static void tui_busy_stop(UI *ui)
{
  ((TUIData *)ui->data)->busy = false;
}

static void tui_mouse_on(UI *ui)
{
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  if (!data->mouse_enabled) {
    unibi_out(ui, data->unibi_ext.enable_mouse);
    data->mouse_enabled = true;
  }
}

static void tui_mouse_off(UI *ui)
{
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  if (data->mouse_enabled) {
    unibi_out(ui, data->unibi_ext.disable_mouse);
    data->mouse_enabled = false;
  }
}

static void tui_set_mode(UI *ui, ModeShape mode)
{
  if (!cursor_style_enabled) {
    return;
  }
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  cursorentry_T c = data->cursor_shapes[mode];
  int shape = c.shape;
  unibi_var_t vars[26 + 26] = { { 0 } };

  // Support changing cursor shape on some popular terminals.
  const char *vte_version = os_getenv("VTE_VERSION");

  if (c.id != 0 && ui->rgb) {
    int attr = syn_id2attr(c.id);
    if (attr > 0) {
      attrentry_T *aep = syn_cterm_attr2entry(attr);
      data->params[0].i = aep->rgb_bg_color;
      unibi_out(ui, data->unibi_ext.set_cursor_color);
    }
  }

  if (data->term == kTermKonsole) {
    // Konsole uses a proprietary escape code to set the cursor shape
    // and does not support DECSCUSR.
    switch (shape) {
      case SHAPE_BLOCK: shape = 0; break;
      case SHAPE_VER:   shape = 1; break;
      case SHAPE_HOR:   shape = 2; break;
      default: WLOG("Unknown shape value %d", shape); break;
    }
    data->params[0].i = shape;
    data->params[1].i = (c.blinkon != 0);

    unibi_format(vars, vars + 26,
      TMUX_WRAP("\x1b]50;CursorShape=%p1%d;BlinkingCursorEnabled=%p2%d\x07"),
      data->params, out, ui, NULL, NULL);
  } else if (!vte_version || atoi(vte_version) >= 3900) {
    // Assume that the terminal supports DECSCUSR unless it is an
    // old VTE based terminal.  This should not get wrapped for tmux,
    // which will handle it via its Ss/Se terminfo extension - usually
    // according to its terminal-overrides.

    switch (shape) {
      case SHAPE_BLOCK: shape = 1; break;
      case SHAPE_HOR:   shape = 3; break;
      case SHAPE_VER:   shape = 5; break;
      default: WLOG("Unknown shape value %d", shape); break;
    }
    data->params[0].i = shape + (int)(c.blinkon == 0);
    unibi_format(vars, vars + 26, "\x1b[%p1%d q",
                 data->params, out, ui, NULL, NULL);
  }
}

/// @param mode editor mode
static void tui_mode_change(UI *ui, String mode, Integer mode_idx)
{
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  tui_set_mode(ui, (ModeShape)mode_idx);
  data->showing_mode = (ModeShape)mode_idx;
}

static void tui_set_scroll_region(UI *ui, Integer top, Integer bot,
                                  Integer left, Integer right)
{
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  ugrid_set_scroll_region(&data->grid, (int)top, (int)bot,
                          (int)left, (int)right);
  data->scroll_region_is_full_screen =
    left == 0 && right == ui->width - 1
    && top == 0 && bot == ui->height - 1;
}

static void tui_scroll(UI *ui, Integer count)
{
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  UGrid *grid = &data->grid;
  int clear_top, clear_bot;
  ugrid_scroll(grid, (int)count, &clear_top, &clear_bot);

  if (can_use_scroll(ui)) {
    bool scroll_clears_to_current_colour =
      unibi_get_bool(data->ut, unibi_back_color_erase);

    // Change terminal scroll region and move cursor to the top
    if (!data->scroll_region_is_full_screen) {
      set_scroll_region(ui);
    }
    unibi_goto(ui, grid->top, grid->left);
    // also set default color attributes or some terminals can become funny
    if (scroll_clears_to_current_colour) {
      HlAttrs clear_attrs = EMPTY_ATTRS;
      clear_attrs.foreground = grid->fg;
      clear_attrs.background = grid->bg;
      update_attrs(ui, clear_attrs);
    }

    if (count > 0) {
      if (count == 1) {
        unibi_out(ui, unibi_delete_line);
      } else {
        data->params[0].i = (int)count;
        unibi_out(ui, unibi_parm_delete_line);
      }
    } else {
      if (count == -1) {
        unibi_out(ui, unibi_insert_line);
      } else {
        data->params[0].i = -(int)count;
        unibi_out(ui, unibi_parm_insert_line);
      }
    }

    // Restore terminal scroll region and cursor
    if (!data->scroll_region_is_full_screen) {
      reset_scroll_region(ui);
    }
    unibi_goto(ui, grid->row, grid->col);

    if (!scroll_clears_to_current_colour) {
      // This is required because scrolling will leave wrong background in the
      // cleared area on non-bge terminals.
      clear_region(ui, clear_top, clear_bot, grid->left, grid->right);
    }
  } else {
    // Mark the entire scroll region as invalid for redrawing later
    invalidate(ui, grid->top, grid->bot, grid->left, grid->right);
  }
}

static void tui_highlight_set(UI *ui, HlAttrs attrs)
{
  ((TUIData *)ui->data)->grid.attrs = attrs;
}

static void tui_put(UI *ui, String text)
{
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  print_cell(ui, ugrid_put(&data->grid, (uint8_t *)text.data, text.size));
}

static void tui_bell(UI *ui)
{
  unibi_out(ui, unibi_bell);
}

static void tui_visual_bell(UI *ui)
{
  unibi_out(ui, unibi_flash_screen);
}

static void tui_update_fg(UI *ui, Integer fg)
{
  ((TUIData *)ui->data)->grid.fg = (int)fg;
}

static void tui_update_bg(UI *ui, Integer bg)
{
  ((TUIData *)ui->data)->grid.bg = (int)bg;
}

static void tui_update_sp(UI *ui, Integer sp)
{
  // Do nothing; 'special' color is for GUI only
}

static void tui_flush(UI *ui)
{
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  UGrid *grid = &data->grid;

  size_t nrevents = loop_size(data->loop);
  if (nrevents > TOO_MANY_EVENTS) {
    ILOG("TUI event-queue flooded (thread_events=%zu); purging", nrevents);
    // Back-pressure: UI events may accumulate much faster than the terminal
    // device can serve them. Even if SIGINT/CTRL-C is received, user must still
    // wait for the TUI event-queue to drain, and if there are ~millions of
    // events in the queue, it could take hours. Clearing the queue allows the
    // UI to recover. #1234 #5396
    loop_purge(data->loop);
    tui_busy_stop(ui);  // avoid hidden cursor
  }

  while (kv_size(data->invalid_regions)) {
    Rect r = kv_pop(data->invalid_regions);
    int currow = -1;
    UGRID_FOREACH_CELL(grid, r.top, r.bot, r.left, r.right, {
      if (currow != row) {
        unibi_goto(ui, row, col);
        currow = row;
      }
      print_cell(ui, cell);
    });
  }

  unibi_goto(ui, grid->row, grid->col);

  flush_buf(ui, true);
}

#ifdef UNIX
static void suspend_event(void **argv)
{
  UI *ui = argv[0];
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  bool enable_mouse = data->mouse_enabled;
  tui_terminal_stop(ui);
  data->cont_received = false;
  stream_set_blocking(input_global_fd(), true);   // normalize stream (#2598)
  kill(0, SIGTSTP);
  while (!data->cont_received) {
    // poll the event loop until SIGCONT is received
    loop_poll_events(data->loop, -1);
  }
  tui_terminal_start(ui);
  if (enable_mouse) {
    tui_mouse_on(ui);
  }
  stream_set_blocking(input_global_fd(), false);  // libuv expects this
  // resume the main thread
  CONTINUE(data->bridge);
}
#endif

static void tui_suspend(UI *ui)
{
#ifdef UNIX
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  // kill(0, SIGTSTP) won't stop the UI thread, so we must poll for SIGCONT
  // before continuing. This is done in another callback to avoid
  // loop_poll_events recursion
  multiqueue_put_event(data->loop->fast_events,
                       event_create(suspend_event, 1, ui));
#endif
}

static void tui_set_title(UI *ui, String title)
{
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  if (!(title.data && unibi_get_str(data->ut, unibi_to_status_line)
        && unibi_get_str(data->ut, unibi_from_status_line))) {
    return;
  }
  unibi_out(ui, unibi_to_status_line);
  out(ui, title.data, title.size);
  unibi_out(ui, unibi_from_status_line);
}

static void tui_set_icon(UI *ui, String icon)
{
}

// NB: if we start to use this, the ui_bridge must be updated
// to make a copy for the tui thread
static void tui_event(UI *ui, char *name, Array args, bool *args_consumed)
{
}

static void invalidate(UI *ui, int top, int bot, int left, int right)
{
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  Rect *intersects = NULL;
  // Increase dimensions before comparing to ensure adjacent regions are
  // treated as intersecting
  --top;
  ++bot;
  --left;
  ++right;

  for (size_t i = 0; i < kv_size(data->invalid_regions); i++) {
    Rect *r = &kv_A(data->invalid_regions, i);
    if (!(top > r->bot || bot < r->top
          || left > r->right || right < r->left)) {
      intersects = r;
      break;
    }
  }

  ++top;
  --bot;
  ++left;
  --right;

  if (intersects) {
    // If top/bot/left/right intersects with a invalid rect, we replace it
    // by the union
    intersects->top = MIN(top, intersects->top);
    intersects->bot = MAX(bot, intersects->bot);
    intersects->left = MIN(left, intersects->left);
    intersects->right = MAX(right, intersects->right);
  } else {
    // Else just add a new entry;
    kv_push(data->invalid_regions, ((Rect) { top, bot, left, right }));
  }
}

static void update_size(UI *ui)
{
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  int width = 0, height = 0;

  // 1 - look for non-default 'columns' and 'lines' options during startup
  if (starting != 0 && (Columns != DFLT_COLS || Rows != DFLT_ROWS)) {
    assert(Columns >= INT_MIN && Columns <= INT_MAX);
    assert(Rows >= INT_MIN && Rows <= INT_MAX);
    width = (int)Columns;
    height = (int)Rows;
    goto end;
  }

  // 2 - try from a system call(ioctl/TIOCGWINSZ on unix)
  if (data->out_isatty
      && !uv_tty_get_winsize(&data->output_handle.tty, &width, &height)) {
    goto end;
  }

  // 3 - use $LINES/$COLUMNS if available
  const char *val;
  int advance;
  if ((val = os_getenv("LINES"))
      && sscanf(val, "%d%n", &height, &advance) != EOF && advance
      && (val = os_getenv("COLUMNS"))
      && sscanf(val, "%d%n", &width, &advance) != EOF && advance) {
    goto end;
  }

  // 4 - read from terminfo if available
  height = unibi_get_num(data->ut, unibi_lines);
  width = unibi_get_num(data->ut, unibi_columns);

end:
  if (width <= 0 || height <= 0) {
    // use the defaults
    width = DFLT_COLS;
    height = DFLT_ROWS;
  }

  data->bridge->bridge.width = ui->width = width;
  data->bridge->bridge.height = ui->height = height;
}

static void unibi_goto(UI *ui, int row, int col)
{
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  data->params[0].i = row;
  data->params[1].i = col;
  unibi_out(ui, unibi_cursor_address);
}

static void unibi_out(UI *ui, int unibi_index)
{
  TUIData *data = ui->data;

  const char *str = NULL;

  if (unibi_index >= 0) {
    if (unibi_index < unibi_string_begin_) {
      str = unibi_get_ext_str(data->ut, (unsigned)unibi_index);
    } else {
      str = unibi_get_str(data->ut, (unsigned)unibi_index);
    }
  }

  if (str) {
    unibi_var_t vars[26 + 26] = {{0}};
    unibi_format(vars, vars + 26, str, data->params, out, ui, NULL, NULL);
  }
}

static void out(void *ctx, const char *str, size_t len)
{
  UI *ui = ctx;
  TUIData *data = ui->data;
  size_t available = data->bufsize - data->bufpos;

  if (len > available) {
    flush_buf(ui, false);
  }

  memcpy(data->buf + data->bufpos, str, len);
  data->bufpos += len;
}

static void unibi_set_if_empty(unibi_term *ut, enum unibi_string str,
    const char *val)
{
  if (!unibi_get_str(ut, str)) {
    unibi_set_str(ut, str, val);
  }
}

static TermType detect_term(const char *term, const char *colorterm)
{
  if (STARTS_WITH(term, "rxvt")) {
    return kTermRxvt;
  }
  if (os_getenv("KONSOLE_PROFILE_NAME") || os_getenv("KONSOLE_DBUS_SESSION")) {
    return kTermKonsole;
  }
  const char *termprg = os_getenv("TERM_PROGRAM");
  if (termprg && strstr(termprg, "iTerm.app")) {
    return kTermiTerm;
  }
  if (colorterm && strstr(colorterm, "gnome-terminal")) {
    return kTermGnome;
  }
  if (STARTS_WITH(term, "xterm")) {
    return kTermXTerm;
  }
  if (STARTS_WITH(term, "dtterm")) {
    return kTermDTTerm;
  }
  if (STARTS_WITH(term, "teraterm")) {
    return kTermTeraTerm;
  }
  return kTermUnknown;
}

static void fix_terminfo(TUIData *data)
{
  unibi_term *ut = data->ut;
  is_tmux = os_getenv("TMUX") != NULL;

  const char *term = os_getenv("TERM");
  const char *colorterm = os_getenv("COLORTERM");
  if (!term) {
    goto end;
  }
  data->term = detect_term(term, colorterm);

  if (data->term == kTermRxvt) {
    unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_exit_attribute_mode, "\x1b[m\x1b(B");
    unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_flash_screen, "\x1b[?5h$<20/>\x1b[?5l");
    unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_enter_italics_mode, "\x1b[3m");
    unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_to_status_line, "\x1b]2");
  } else if (data->term == kTermXTerm) {
    unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_to_status_line, "\x1b]0;");
  } else if (STARTS_WITH(term, "screen") || STARTS_WITH(term, "tmux")) {
    unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_to_status_line, "\x1b_");
    unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_from_status_line, "\x1b\\");
  }

  if (data->term == kTermXTerm || data->term == kTermRxvt) {
    const char *normal = unibi_get_str(ut, unibi_cursor_normal);
    if (!normal) {
      unibi_set_str(ut, unibi_cursor_normal, "\x1b[?25h");
    } else if (STARTS_WITH(normal, "\x1b[?12l")) {
      // terminfo typically includes DECRST 12 as part of setting up the normal
      // cursor, which interferes with the user's control via
      // NVIM_TUI_ENABLE_CURSOR_SHAPE.  When DECRST 12 is present, skip over
      // it, but honor the rest of the TI setting.
      unibi_set_str(ut, unibi_cursor_normal, normal + strlen("\x1b[?12l"));
    }
    unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_cursor_invisible, "\x1b[?25l");
    unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_flash_screen, "\x1b[?5h$<100/>\x1b[?5l");
    unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_exit_attribute_mode, "\x1b(B\x1b[m");
    unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_set_tb_margin, "\x1b[%i%p1%d;%p2%dr");
    unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_set_lr_margin, "\x1b[%i%p1%d;%p2%ds");
    unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_set_left_margin_parm, "\x1b[%i%p1%ds");
    unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_set_right_margin_parm, "\x1b[%i;%p2%ds");
    unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_change_scroll_region, "\x1b[%i%p1%d;%p2%dr");
    unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_clear_screen, "\x1b[H\x1b[2J");
    unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_from_status_line, "\x07");
    unibi_set_bool(ut, unibi_back_color_erase, true);
  }

  data->unibi_ext.enable_lr_margin = (int)unibi_add_ext_str(ut, NULL,
      "\x1b[?69h");
  data->unibi_ext.disable_lr_margin = (int)unibi_add_ext_str(ut, NULL,
      "\x1b[?69l");

  data->unibi_ext.enable_bracketed_paste = (int)unibi_add_ext_str(ut, NULL,
      "\x1b[?2004h");
  data->unibi_ext.disable_bracketed_paste = (int)unibi_add_ext_str(ut, NULL,
      "\x1b[?2004l");

  data->unibi_ext.enable_focus_reporting = (int)unibi_add_ext_str(ut, NULL,
      "\x1b[?1004h");
  data->unibi_ext.disable_focus_reporting = (int)unibi_add_ext_str(ut, NULL,
      "\x1b[?1004l");

#define XTERM_SETAF \
  "\x1b[%?%p1%{8}%<%t3%p1%d%e%p1%{16}%<%t9%p1%{8}%-%d%e38;5;%p1%d%;m"
#define XTERM_SETAB \
  "\x1b[%?%p1%{8}%<%t4%p1%d%e%p1%{16}%<%t10%p1%{8}%-%d%e48;5;%p1%d%;m"

  if ((colorterm && strstr(colorterm, "256"))
      || STARTS_WITH(term, "linux")
      || strstr(term, "256")
      || strstr(term, "xterm")) {
    // Linux 4.8+ supports 256-color SGR, but terminfo has 8-color setaf/setab.
    // Assume TERM=~xterm|linux or COLORTERM=~256 supports 256 colors.
    unibi_set_num(ut, unibi_max_colors, 256);
    unibi_set_str(ut, unibi_set_a_foreground, XTERM_SETAF);
    unibi_set_str(ut, unibi_set_a_background, XTERM_SETAB);
  }

  // Only define this capability for terminal types that we know understand it.
  if (data->term == kTermDTTerm       // originated this extension
      || data->term == kTermXTerm     // per xterm ctlseqs doc
      || data->term == kTermKonsole   // per commentary in VT102Emulation.cpp
      || data->term == kTermTeraTerm  // per "Supported Control Functions" doc
      || data->term == kTermRxvt) {   // per command.C
    data->unibi_ext.resize_screen = (int)unibi_add_ext_str(ut, NULL,
      "\x1b[8;%p1%d;%p2%dt");
  }

  if (data->term == kTermXTerm || data->term == kTermRxvt) {
    data->unibi_ext.reset_scroll_region = (int)unibi_add_ext_str(ut, NULL,
      "\x1b[r");
  }

end:
  // Fill some empty slots with common terminal strings
  if (data->term == kTermiTerm) {
    data->unibi_ext.set_cursor_color = (int)unibi_add_ext_str(
        ut, NULL, TMUX_WRAP("\033]Pl%p1%06x\033\\"));
  } else {
    data->unibi_ext.set_cursor_color = (int)unibi_add_ext_str(
        ut, NULL, "\033]12;#%p1%06x\007");
  }
  data->unibi_ext.enable_mouse = (int)unibi_add_ext_str(ut, NULL,
      "\x1b[?1002h\x1b[?1006h");
  data->unibi_ext.disable_mouse = (int)unibi_add_ext_str(ut, NULL,
      "\x1b[?1002l\x1b[?1006l");
  data->unibi_ext.set_rgb_foreground = (int)unibi_add_ext_str(ut, NULL,
      "\x1b[38;2;%p1%d;%p2%d;%p3%dm");
  data->unibi_ext.set_rgb_background = (int)unibi_add_ext_str(ut, NULL,
      "\x1b[48;2;%p1%d;%p2%d;%p3%dm");
  unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_cursor_address, "\x1b[%i%p1%d;%p2%dH");
  unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_exit_attribute_mode, "\x1b[0;10m");
  unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_set_a_foreground, XTERM_SETAF);
  unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_set_a_background, XTERM_SETAB);
  unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_enter_bold_mode, "\x1b[1m");
  unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_enter_underline_mode, "\x1b[4m");
  unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_enter_reverse_mode, "\x1b[7m");
  unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_bell, "\x07");
  unibi_set_if_empty(data->ut, unibi_enter_ca_mode, "\x1b[?1049h");
  unibi_set_if_empty(data->ut, unibi_exit_ca_mode, "\x1b[?1049l");
  unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_delete_line, "\x1b[M");
  unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_parm_delete_line, "\x1b[%p1%dM");
  unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_insert_line, "\x1b[L");
  unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_parm_insert_line, "\x1b[%p1%dL");
  unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_clear_screen, "\x1b[H\x1b[J");
  unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_clr_eol, "\x1b[K");
  unibi_set_if_empty(ut, unibi_clr_eos, "\x1b[J");
}

static void flush_buf(UI *ui, bool toggle_cursor)
{
  uv_write_t req;
  uv_buf_t buf;
  TUIData *data = ui->data;

  if (toggle_cursor && !data->busy) {
    // not busy and the cursor is invisible(see below). Append a "cursor
    // normal" command to the end of the buffer.
    data->bufsize += CNORM_COMMAND_MAX_SIZE;
    unibi_out(ui, unibi_cursor_normal);
    data->bufsize -= CNORM_COMMAND_MAX_SIZE;
  }

  buf.base = data->buf;
  buf.len = data->bufpos;
  uv_write(&req, STRUCT_CAST(uv_stream_t, &data->output_handle), &buf, 1, NULL);
  uv_run(&data->write_loop, UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
  data->bufpos = 0;

  if (toggle_cursor && !data->busy) {
    // not busy and cursor is visible(see above), append a "cursor invisible"
    // command to the beginning of the buffer for the next flush
    unibi_out(ui, unibi_cursor_invisible);
  }
}

#if TERMKEY_VERSION_MAJOR > 0 || TERMKEY_VERSION_MINOR > 18
/// Try to get "kbs" code from stty because "the terminfo kbs entry is extremely
/// unreliable." (Vim, Bash, and tmux also do this.)
///
/// @see tmux/tty-keys.c fe4e9470bb504357d073320f5d305b22663ee3fd
/// @see https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=142659
static const char *tui_get_stty_erase(void)
{
  static char stty_erase[2] = { 0 };
#if defined(ECHOE) && defined(ICANON) && defined(HAVE_TERMIOS_H)
  struct termios t;
  if (tcgetattr(input_global_fd(), &t) != -1) {
    stty_erase[0] = (char)t.c_cc[VERASE];
    stty_erase[1] = '\0';
    ILOG("stty/termios:erase=%s", stty_erase);
  }
#endif
  return stty_erase;
}

/// libtermkey hook to override terminfo entries.
/// @see TermInput.tk_ti_hook_fn
static const char *tui_tk_ti_getstr(const char *name, const char *value,
                                    void *data)
{
  static const char *stty_erase = NULL;
  if (stty_erase == NULL) {
    stty_erase = tui_get_stty_erase();
  }

  if (strequal(name, "key_backspace")) {
    ILOG("libtermkey:kbs=%s", value);
    if (stty_erase[0] != 0) {
      return stty_erase;
    }
  } else if (strequal(name, "key_dc")) {
    ILOG("libtermkey:kdch1=%s", value);
    // Vim: "If <BS> and <DEL> are now the same, redefine <DEL>."
    if (value != NULL && strequal(stty_erase, value)) {
      return stty_erase[0] == DEL ? CTRL_H_STR : DEL_STR;
    }
  }

  return value;
}
#endif