fix(aucmd_win): ensure aucmd_win stays floating

Nvim uses a floating window for the autocmd window, but in certain situations,
it can be made non-floating (`:wincmd J`), which can cause issues due to the
previous setup and cleanup logic for a non-floating aucmd_win being removed from
aucmd_prepbuf and aucmd_restbuf.

This can cause glitchiness and crashes due to the aucmd_win's frame being
invalid after closing its tabpage, for example.

Ensure aucmd_win cannot be made non-floating. The only place this happens is in
win_split_ins if new_wp != NULL.

3 files changed, 72 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/nvim/autocmd.c b/src/nvim/autocmd.c
index 9117dde089..cdaa120644 100644
--- a/src/nvim/autocmd.c
+++ b/src/nvim/autocmd.c
@@ -1147,6 +1147,7 @@ void aucmd_prepbuf(aco_save_T *aco, buf_T *buf)
     globaldir = NULL;
 
     block_autocmds();  // We don't want BufEnter/WinEnter autocommands.
+    make_snapshot(SNAP_AUCMD_IDX);
     if (need_append) {
       win_append(lastwin, aucmd_win);
       pmap_put(handle_T)(&window_handles, aucmd_win->handle, aucmd_win);
@@ -1212,6 +1213,8 @@ win_found:
       close_tabpage(curtab);
     }
 
+    restore_snapshot(SNAP_AUCMD_IDX, false);
+    win_comp_pos();  // recompute window positions
     unblock_autocmds();
 
     win_T *const save_curwin = win_find_by_handle(aco->save_curwin_handle);
diff --git a/src/nvim/window.c b/src/nvim/window.c
index 43667377c5..549dd18e4f 100644
--- a/src/nvim/window.c
+++ b/src/nvim/window.c
@@ -958,6 +958,11 @@ int win_split_ins(int size, int flags, win_T *new_wp, int dir)
   int wmh1;
   bool did_set_fraction = false;
 
+  // aucmd_win should always remain floating
+  if (new_wp != NULL && new_wp == aucmd_win) {
+    return FAIL;
+  }
+
   if (flags & WSP_TOP) {
     oldwin = firstwin;
   } else if (flags & WSP_BOT || curwin->w_floating) {
diff --git a/test/functional/autocmd/autocmd_spec.lua b/test/functional/autocmd/autocmd_spec.lua
index 93d71a9e45..13d0103ce5 100644
--- a/test/functional/autocmd/autocmd_spec.lua
+++ b/test/functional/autocmd/autocmd_spec.lua
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ local helpers = require('test.functional.helpers')(after_each)
 local Screen = require('test.functional.ui.screen')
 
 local assert_visible = helpers.assert_visible
+local assert_alive = helpers.assert_alive
 local dedent = helpers.dedent
 local eq = helpers.eq
 local eval = helpers.eval
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ local funcs = helpers.funcs
 local expect = helpers.expect
 local command = helpers.command
 local exc_exec = helpers.exc_exec
+local exec_lua = helpers.exec_lua
 local curbufmeths = helpers.curbufmeths
 local source = helpers.source
 
@@ -333,6 +335,68 @@ describe('autocmd', function()
       pcall_err(command, "call nvim_set_current_win(g:winid)"))
   end)
 
+  it("`aucmd_win` cannot be changed into a normal window #13699", function()
+    local screen = Screen.new(50, 10)
+    screen:attach()
+    screen:set_default_attr_ids {
+      [1] = {bold = true, foreground = Screen.colors.Blue1},
+      [2] = {reverse = true},
+      [3] = {bold = true, reverse = true},
+    }
+
+    -- Create specific layout and ensure it's left unchanged.
+    -- Use nvim_buf_call on a hidden buffer so aucmd_win is used.
+    exec_lua [[
+      vim.cmd "wincmd s | wincmd _"
+      _G.buf = vim.api.nvim_create_buf(true, true)
+      vim.api.nvim_buf_call(_G.buf, function() vim.cmd "wincmd J" end)
+    ]]
+    screen:expect [[
+      ^                                                  |
+      {1:~                                                 }|
+      {1:~                                                 }|
+      {1:~                                                 }|
+      {1:~                                                 }|
+      {1:~                                                 }|
+      {3:[No Name]                                         }|
+                                                        |
+      {2:[No Name]                                         }|
+                                                        |
+    ]]
+    -- This used to crash after making aucmd_win a normal window via the above.
+    exec_lua [[
+      vim.cmd "tabnew | tabclose # | wincmd s | wincmd _"
+      vim.api.nvim_buf_call(_G.buf, function() vim.cmd "wincmd K" end)
+    ]]
+    assert_alive()
+    screen:expect_unchanged()
+
+    -- Ensure splitting still works from inside the aucmd_win.
+    exec_lua [[vim.api.nvim_buf_call(_G.buf, function() vim.cmd "split" end)]]
+    screen:expect [[
+      ^                                                  |
+      {1:~                                                 }|
+      {3:[No Name]                                         }|
+                                                        |
+      {1:~                                                 }|
+      {2:[Scratch]                                         }|
+                                                        |
+      {1:~                                                 }|
+      {2:[No Name]                                         }|
+                                                        |
+    ]]
+
+    -- After all of our messing around, aucmd_win should still be floating.
+    -- Use :only to ensure _G.buf is hidden again (so the aucmd_win is used).
+    eq("editor", exec_lua [[
+      vim.cmd "only"
+      vim.api.nvim_buf_call(_G.buf, function()
+        _G.config = vim.api.nvim_win_get_config(0)
+      end)
+      return _G.config.relative
+    ]])
+  end)
+
   it(':doautocmd does not warn "No matching autocommands" #10689', function()
     local screen = Screen.new(32, 3)
     screen:attach()