perf(filetype): implement parent pattern pre-matching (#29660)

Problem: calling `vim.filetype.match()` has performance bottleneck in
  that it has to match a lot of Lua patterns against several versions of
  input file name. This might be the problem if users need to call it
  synchronously a lot of times.

Solution: add "parent pattern pre-matching" which can be used to quickly
  reject several potential pattern matches at (usually rare) cost of
  adding time for one extra Lua pattern match.

  "Parent pattern" is a manually added/tracked grouping of filetype
  patterns which should have two properties:
    - Match at least the same set of strings as its filetype patterns.
      But not too much more.
    - Be fast to match.

  For them to be effective, group should consist from at least three
  filetype patterns.

  Example: for a filetpye pattern ".*/etc/a2ps/.*%.cfg", both "/etc/"
  and "%.cfg" are good parent patterns (prefer the one which can group
  more filetype patterns).

  After this commit, `vim.filetype.match()` on most inputs runs ~3.4
  times faster (while some inputs may see less impact if they match
  many parent patterns).

1 files changed, 605 insertions, 510 deletions

diff --git a/runtime/lua/vim/filetype.lua b/runtime/lua/vim/filetype.lua
index 834eb9e89c..b497485b53 100644
--- a/runtime/lua/vim/filetype.lua
+++ b/runtime/lua/vim/filetype.lua
@@ -4,12 +4,13 @@ local fn = vim.fn
 local M = {}
 
 --- @alias vim.filetype.mapfn fun(path:string,bufnr:integer, ...):string?, fun(b:integer)?
---- @alias vim.filetype.maptbl [string|vim.filetype.mapfn, {priority:integer}]
+--- @alias vim.filetype.mapopts { parent: string, priority: number }
+--- @alias vim.filetype.maptbl [string|vim.filetype.mapfn, vim.filetype.mapopts]
 --- @alias vim.filetype.mapping.value string|vim.filetype.mapfn|vim.filetype.maptbl
 --- @alias vim.filetype.mapping table<string,vim.filetype.mapping.value>
 
 --- @param ft string|vim.filetype.mapfn
---- @param opts? {priority:integer}
+--- @param opts? vim.filetype.mapopts
 --- @return vim.filetype.maptbl
 local function starsetf(ft, opts)
   return {
@@ -26,6 +27,9 @@ local function starsetf(ft, opts)
       end
     end,
     {
+      -- Allow setting "parent" to be reused in closures, but don't have default as it will be
+      -- assigned later from grouping
+      parent = opts and opts.parent,
       -- Starset matches should have lowest priority by default
       priority = (opts and opts.priority) or -math.huge,
     },
@@ -1735,497 +1739,556 @@ local filename = {
 }
 
 -- Re-use closures as much as possible
-local detect_apache = starsetf('apache')
-local detect_muttrc = starsetf('muttrc')
-local detect_neomuttrc = starsetf('neomuttrc')
+local detect_apache_diretc = starsetf('apache', { parent = '/etc/' })
+local detect_apache_dotconf = starsetf('apache', { parent = '%.conf' })
+local detect_muttrc = starsetf('muttrc', { parent = 'utt' })
+local detect_neomuttrc = starsetf('neomuttrc', { parent = 'utt' })
+local detect_xkb = starsetf('xkb', { parent = '/usr/' })
 
+--- Table of filetype pattern matching rules grouped by their parent pattern.
+---
+--- Every filetype pattern match is prefaced with a matching of its parent pattern.
+--- If there is no match, skip all matching inside group.
+--- Note that unlike leaf patterns, parent patterns do not have special matching behaviour if they
+--- contain a `/`.
+---
+--- When modifying an existing regular pattern, make sure that it still fits its group.
+---
 --- Vim regexes are converted into explicit Lua patterns (without implicit anchoring):
 --- '*/debian/changelog' -> '/debian/changelog$'
 --- '*/bind/db.*' -> '/bind/db%.'
---- @type vim.filetype.mapping
+--- @type table<string,vim.filetype.mapping>
 local pattern = {
   -- BEGIN PATTERN
-  ['/etc/a2ps/.*%.cfg$'] = 'a2ps',
-  ['/etc/a2ps%.cfg$'] = 'a2ps',
-  ['/usr/share/alsa/alsa%.conf$'] = 'alsaconf',
-  ['/etc/asound%.conf$'] = 'alsaconf',
-  ['/etc/apache2/sites%-.*/.*%.com$'] = 'apache',
-  ['/etc/httpd/.*%.conf$'] = 'apache',
-  ['/etc/apache2/.*%.conf'] = detect_apache,
-  ['/etc/apache2/conf%..*/'] = detect_apache,
-  ['/etc/apache2/mods%-.*/'] = detect_apache,
-  ['/etc/apache2/sites%-.*/'] = detect_apache,
-  ['^access%.conf'] = detect_apache,
-  ['^apache%.conf'] = detect_apache,
-  ['^apache2%.conf'] = detect_apache,
-  ['^httpd%.conf'] = detect_apache,
-  ['^srm%.conf'] = detect_apache,
-  ['/etc/httpd/conf%..*/'] = detect_apache,
-  ['/etc/httpd/conf%.d/.*%.conf'] = detect_apache,
-  ['/etc/httpd/mods%-.*/'] = detect_apache,
-  ['/etc/httpd/sites%-.*/'] = detect_apache,
-  ['/etc/proftpd/.*%.conf'] = starsetf('apachestyle'),
-  ['/etc/proftpd/conf%..*/'] = starsetf('apachestyle'),
-  ['^proftpd%.conf'] = starsetf('apachestyle'),
-  ['asterisk/.*%.conf'] = starsetf('asterisk'),
-  ['asterisk.*/.*voicemail%.conf'] = starsetf('asteriskvm'),
-  ['/%.aptitude/config$'] = 'aptconf',
-  ['^[mM]akefile%.am$'] = 'automake',
-  ['/bind/db%.'] = starsetf('bindzone'),
-  ['/named/db%.'] = starsetf('bindzone'),
-  ['/build/conf/.*%.conf$'] = 'bitbake',
-  ['/meta/conf/.*%.conf$'] = 'bitbake',
-  ['/meta%-.*/conf/.*%.conf$'] = 'bitbake',
-  ['%.blade%.php$'] = 'blade',
-  ['^bzr_log%.'] = 'bzr',
-  ['enlightenment/.*%.cfg$'] = 'c',
-  ['/%.cabal/config$'] = 'cabalconfig',
-  ['/cabal/config$'] = 'cabalconfig',
-  ['^cabal%.project%.'] = starsetf('cabalproject'),
-  ['/%.calendar/'] = starsetf('calendar'),
-  ['/share/calendar/.*/calendar%.'] = starsetf('calendar'),
-  ['/share/calendar/calendar%.'] = starsetf('calendar'),
-  ['^sgml%.catalog'] = starsetf('catalog'),
-  ['/etc/defaults/cdrdao$'] = 'cdrdaoconf',
-  ['/etc/cdrdao%.conf$'] = 'cdrdaoconf',
-  ['/etc/default/cdrdao$'] = 'cdrdaoconf',
-  ['hgrc$'] = 'cfg',
-  ['%.[Cc][Ff][Gg]$'] = {
-    detect.cfg,
-    -- Decrease priority to avoid conflicts with more specific patterns
-    -- such as '.*/etc/a2ps/.*%.cfg', '.*enlightenment/.*%.cfg', etc.
-    { priority = -1 },
+  ['/debian/'] = {
+    ['/debian/changelog$'] = 'debchangelog',
+    ['/debian/control$'] = 'debcontrol',
+    ['/debian/copyright$'] = 'debcopyright',
+    ['/debian/patches/'] = detect.dep3patch,
   },
-  ['^[cC]hange[lL]og'] = starsetf(detect.changelog),
-  ['%.%.ch$'] = 'chill',
-  ['/etc/translate%-shell$'] = 'clojure',
-  ['%.cmake%.in$'] = 'cmake',
-  -- */cmus/rc and */.cmus/rc
-  ['/%.?cmus/rc$'] = 'cmusrc',
-  -- */cmus/*.theme and */.cmus/*.theme
-  ['/%.?cmus/.*%.theme$'] = 'cmusrc',
-  ['/%.cmus/autosave$'] = 'cmusrc',
-  ['/%.cmus/command%-history$'] = 'cmusrc',
-  ['/etc/hostname%.'] = starsetf('config'),
-  ['^crontab%.'] = starsetf('crontab'),
-  ['/etc/cron%.d/'] = starsetf('crontab'),
-  ['^%.cshrc'] = detect.csh,
-  ['^%.login'] = detect.csh,
-  ['^cvs%d+$'] = 'cvs',
-  ['%.[Dd][Aa][Tt]$'] = detect.dat,
-  ['/debian/patches/'] = detect.dep3patch,
-  ['/etc/dnsmasq%.d/'] = starsetf('dnsmasq'),
-  ['^Containerfile%.'] = starsetf('dockerfile'),
-  ['^Dockerfile%.'] = starsetf('dockerfile'),
-  ['/etc/yum%.repos%.d/'] = starsetf('dosini'),
-  ['^drac%.'] = starsetf('dracula'),
-  ['/debian/changelog$'] = 'debchangelog',
-  ['/debian/control$'] = 'debcontrol',
-  ['/debian/copyright$'] = 'debcopyright',
-  ['/etc/apt/sources%.list%.d/.*%.list$'] = 'debsources',
-  ['/etc/apt/sources%.list$'] = 'debsources',
-  ['/etc/apt/sources%.list%.d/.*%.sources$'] = 'deb822sources',
-  ['^dictd.*%.conf$'] = 'dictdconf',
-  ['/etc/DIR_COLORS$'] = 'dircolors',
-  ['/etc/dnsmasq%.conf$'] = 'dnsmasq',
-  ['^php%.ini%-'] = 'dosini',
-  ['/%.aws/config$'] = 'confini',
-  ['/%.aws/credentials$'] = 'confini',
-  ['/etc/yum%.conf$'] = 'dosini',
-  ['/lxqt/.*%.conf$'] = 'dosini',
-  ['/screengrab/.*%.conf$'] = 'dosini',
-  ['/bpython/config$'] = 'dosini',
-  ['/mypy/config$'] = 'dosini',
-  ['/flatpak/repo/config$'] = 'dosini',
-  ['lvs$'] = 'dracula',
-  ['lpe$'] = 'dracula',
-  ['/dtrace/.*%.d$'] = 'dtrace',
-  ['esmtprc$'] = 'esmtprc',
-  ['Eterm/.*%.cfg$'] = 'eterm',
-  ['s6.*/up$'] = 'execline',
-  ['s6.*/down$'] = 'execline',
-  ['s6.*/run$'] = 'execline',
-  ['s6.*/finish$'] = 'execline',
-  ['^s6%-'] = 'execline',
-  ['^[a-zA-Z0-9].*Dict$'] = detect.foam,
-  ['^[a-zA-Z0-9].*Dict%.'] = detect.foam,
-  ['^[a-zA-Z].*Properties$'] = detect.foam,
-  ['^[a-zA-Z].*Properties%.'] = detect.foam,
-  ['Transport%.'] = detect.foam,
-  ['/constant/g$'] = detect.foam,
-  ['/0/'] = detect.foam,
-  ['/0%.orig/'] = detect.foam,
-  ['/%.fvwm/'] = starsetf('fvwm'),
-  ['fvwmrc'] = starsetf(detect.fvwm_v1),
-  ['fvwm95.*%.hook$'] = starsetf(detect.fvwm_v1),
-  ['fvwm2rc'] = starsetf(detect.fvwm_v2),
-  ['/tmp/lltmp'] = starsetf('gedcom'),
-  ['/etc/gitconfig%.d/'] = starsetf('gitconfig'),
-  ['/gitolite%-admin/conf/'] = starsetf('gitolite'),
-  ['^tmac%.'] = starsetf('nroff'),
-  ['/%.gitconfig%.d/'] = starsetf('gitconfig'),
-  ['%.git/'] = {
-    detect.git,
-    -- Decrease priority to run after simple pattern checks
-    { priority = -1 },
+  ['/etc/'] = {
+    ['/etc/a2ps/.*%.cfg$'] = 'a2ps',
+    ['/etc/a2ps%.cfg$'] = 'a2ps',
+    ['/etc/asound%.conf$'] = 'alsaconf',
+    ['/etc/apache2/sites%-.*/.*%.com$'] = 'apache',
+    ['/etc/httpd/.*%.conf$'] = 'apache',
+    ['/etc/apache2/.*%.conf'] = detect_apache_diretc,
+    ['/etc/apache2/conf%..*/'] = detect_apache_diretc,
+    ['/etc/apache2/mods%-.*/'] = detect_apache_diretc,
+    ['/etc/apache2/sites%-.*/'] = detect_apache_diretc,
+    ['/etc/httpd/conf%..*/'] = detect_apache_diretc,
+    ['/etc/httpd/conf%.d/.*%.conf'] = detect_apache_diretc,
+    ['/etc/httpd/mods%-.*/'] = detect_apache_diretc,
+    ['/etc/httpd/sites%-.*/'] = detect_apache_diretc,
+    ['/etc/proftpd/.*%.conf'] = starsetf('apachestyle'),
+    ['/etc/proftpd/conf%..*/'] = starsetf('apachestyle'),
+    ['/etc/cdrdao%.conf$'] = 'cdrdaoconf',
+    ['/etc/default/cdrdao$'] = 'cdrdaoconf',
+    ['/etc/defaults/cdrdao$'] = 'cdrdaoconf',
+    ['/etc/translate%-shell$'] = 'clojure',
+    ['/etc/hostname%.'] = starsetf('config'),
+    ['/etc/cron%.d/'] = starsetf('crontab'),
+    ['/etc/apt/sources%.list%.d/.*%.sources$'] = 'deb822sources',
+    ['/etc/apt/sources%.list%.d/.*%.list$'] = 'debsources',
+    ['/etc/apt/sources%.list$'] = 'debsources',
+    ['/etc/DIR_COLORS$'] = 'dircolors',
+    ['/etc/dnsmasq%.conf$'] = 'dnsmasq',
+    ['/etc/dnsmasq%.d/'] = starsetf('dnsmasq'),
+    ['/etc/yum%.conf$'] = 'dosini',
+    ['/etc/yum%.repos%.d/'] = starsetf('dosini'),
+    ['/etc/gitconfig%.d/'] = starsetf('gitconfig'),
+    ['/etc/gitconfig$'] = 'gitconfig',
+    ['/etc/gitattributes$'] = 'gitattributes',
+    ['/etc/group$'] = 'group',
+    ['/etc/group%-$'] = 'group',
+    ['/etc/group%.edit$'] = 'group',
+    ['/etc/gshadow%-$'] = 'group',
+    ['/etc/gshadow%.edit$'] = 'group',
+    ['/etc/gshadow$'] = 'group',
+    ['/etc/grub%.conf$'] = 'grub',
+    ['/etc/host%.conf$'] = 'hostconf',
+    ['/etc/hosts%.allow$'] = 'hostsaccess',
+    ['/etc/hosts%.deny$'] = 'hostsaccess',
+    ['/etc/initng/.*/.*%.i$'] = 'initng',
+    ['/etc/libao%.conf$'] = 'libao',
+    ['/etc/.*limits%.conf$'] = 'limits',
+    ['/etc/.*limits%.d/.*%.conf$'] = 'limits',
+    ['/etc/limits$'] = 'limits',
+    ['/etc/logcheck/.*%.d.*/'] = starsetf('logcheck'),
+    ['/etc/login%.access$'] = 'loginaccess',
+    ['/etc/login%.defs$'] = 'logindefs',
+    ['/etc/aliases$'] = 'mailaliases',
+    ['/etc/mail/aliases$'] = 'mailaliases',
+    ['/etc/man%.conf$'] = 'manconf',
+    ['/etc/conf%.modules$'] = 'modconf',
+    ['/etc/modprobe%.'] = starsetf('modconf'),
+    ['/etc/modules%.conf$'] = 'modconf',
+    ['/etc/modules$'] = 'modconf',
+    ['/etc/modutils/'] = starsetf(function(path, bufnr)
+      if fn.executable(fn.expand(path)) ~= 1 then
+        return 'modconf'
+      end
+    end),
+    ['/etc/Muttrc%.d/'] = starsetf('muttrc'),
+    ['/etc/nanorc$'] = 'nanorc',
+    ['/etc/nginx/'] = 'nginx',
+    ['/etc/pam%.conf$'] = 'pamconf',
+    ['/etc/pam%.d/'] = starsetf('pamconf'),
+    ['/etc/passwd%-$'] = 'passwd',
+    ['/etc/shadow$'] = 'passwd',
+    ['/etc/shadow%.edit$'] = 'passwd',
+    ['/etc/passwd$'] = 'passwd',
+    ['/etc/passwd%.edit$'] = 'passwd',
+    ['/etc/shadow%-$'] = 'passwd',
+    ['/etc/pinforc$'] = 'pinfo',
+    ['/etc/protocols$'] = 'protocols',
+    ['/etc/sensors%.d/[^.]'] = starsetf('sensors'),
+    ['/etc/sensors%.conf$'] = 'sensors',
+    ['/etc/sensors3%.conf$'] = 'sensors',
+    ['/etc/services$'] = 'services',
+    ['/etc/serial%.conf$'] = 'setserial',
+    ['/etc/udev/cdsymlinks%.conf$'] = 'sh',
+    ['/etc/profile$'] = detect.sh,
+    ['/etc/slp%.conf$'] = 'slpconf',
+    ['/etc/slp%.reg$'] = 'slpreg',
+    ['/etc/slp%.spi$'] = 'slpspi',
+    ['/etc/sudoers%.d/'] = starsetf('sudoers'),
+    ['/etc/ssh/ssh_config%.d/.*%.conf$'] = 'sshconfig',
+    ['/etc/ssh/sshd_config%.d/.*%.conf$'] = 'sshdconfig',
+    ['/etc/sudoers$'] = 'sudoers',
+    ['/etc/sysctl%.conf$'] = 'sysctl',
+    ['/etc/sysctl%.d/.*%.conf$'] = 'sysctl',
+    ['/etc/systemd/.*%.conf%.d/.*%.conf$'] = 'systemd',
+    ['/etc/systemd/system/.*%.d/.*%.conf$'] = 'systemd',
+    ['/etc/systemd/system/.*%.d/%.#'] = 'systemd',
+    ['/etc/systemd/system/%.#'] = 'systemd',
+    ['/etc/config/'] = starsetf(detect.uci),
+    ['/etc/udev/udev%.conf$'] = 'udevconf',
+    ['/etc/udev/permissions%.d/.*%.permissions$'] = 'udevperm',
+    ['/etc/updatedb%.conf$'] = 'updatedb',
+    ['/etc/init/.*%.conf$'] = 'upstart',
+    ['/etc/init/.*%.override$'] = 'upstart',
+    ['/etc/xinetd%.conf$'] = 'xinetd',
+    ['/etc/xinetd%.d/'] = starsetf('xinetd'),
+    ['/etc/blkid%.tab%.old$'] = 'xml',
+    ['/etc/blkid%.tab$'] = 'xml',
+    ['/etc/xdg/menus/.*%.menu$'] = 'xml',
+    ['/etc/zprofile$'] = 'zsh',
+  },
+  ['/log/'] = {
+    ['/log/auth%.crit$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/auth%.err$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/auth%.info$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/auth%.log$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/auth%.notice$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/auth%.warn$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/auth$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/cron%.crit$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/cron%.err$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/cron%.info$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/cron%.log$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/cron%.notice$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/cron%.warn$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/cron$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/daemon%.crit$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/daemon%.err$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/daemon%.info$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/daemon%.log$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/daemon%.notice$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/daemon%.warn$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/daemon$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/debug%.crit$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/debug%.err$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/debug%.info$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/debug%.log$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/debug%.notice$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/debug%.warn$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/debug$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/kern%.crit$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/kern%.err$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/kern%.info$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/kern%.log$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/kern%.notice$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/kern%.warn$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/kern$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/lpr%.crit$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/lpr%.err$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/lpr%.info$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/lpr%.log$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/lpr%.notice$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/lpr%.warn$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/lpr$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/mail%.crit$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/mail%.err$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/mail%.info$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/mail%.log$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/mail%.notice$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/mail%.warn$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/mail$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/messages%.crit$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/messages%.err$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/messages%.info$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/messages%.log$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/messages%.notice$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/messages%.warn$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/messages$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/news/news%.crit$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/news/news%.err$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/news/news%.info$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/news/news%.log$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/news/news%.notice$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/news/news%.warn$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/news/news$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/syslog%.crit$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/syslog%.err$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/syslog%.info$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/syslog%.log$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/syslog%.notice$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/syslog%.warn$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/syslog$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/user%.crit$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/user%.err$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/user%.info$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/user%.log$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/user%.notice$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/user%.warn$'] = 'messages',
+    ['/log/user$'] = 'messages',
+  },
+  ['/systemd/'] = {
+    ['/%.config/systemd/user/%.#'] = 'systemd',
+    ['/%.config/systemd/user/.*%.d/%.#'] = 'systemd',
+    ['/%.config/systemd/user/.*%.d/.*%.conf$'] = 'systemd',
+    ['/systemd/.*%.automount$'] = 'systemd',
+    ['/systemd/.*%.dnssd$'] = 'systemd',
+    ['/systemd/.*%.link$'] = 'systemd',
+    ['/systemd/.*%.mount$'] = 'systemd',
+    ['/systemd/.*%.netdev$'] = 'systemd',
+    ['/systemd/.*%.network$'] = 'systemd',
+    ['/systemd/.*%.nspawn$'] = 'systemd',
+    ['/systemd/.*%.path$'] = 'systemd',
+    ['/systemd/.*%.service$'] = 'systemd',
+    ['/systemd/.*%.slice$'] = 'systemd',
+    ['/systemd/.*%.socket$'] = 'systemd',
+    ['/systemd/.*%.swap$'] = 'systemd',
+    ['/systemd/.*%.target$'] = 'systemd',
+    ['/systemd/.*%.timer$'] = 'systemd',
+  },
+  ['/usr/'] = {
+    ['/usr/share/alsa/alsa%.conf$'] = 'alsaconf',
+    ['/usr/.*/gnupg/options%.skel$'] = 'gpg',
+    ['/usr/share/upstart/.*%.conf$'] = 'upstart',
+    ['/usr/share/upstart/.*%.override$'] = 'upstart',
+    ['/usr/share/X11/xkb/compat/'] = detect_xkb,
+    ['/usr/share/X11/xkb/geometry/'] = detect_xkb,
+    ['/usr/share/X11/xkb/keycodes/'] = detect_xkb,
+    ['/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/'] = detect_xkb,
+    ['/usr/share/X11/xkb/types/'] = detect_xkb,
+  },
+  ['/var/'] = {
+    ['/var/backups/group%.bak$'] = 'group',
+    ['/var/backups/gshadow%.bak$'] = 'group',
+    ['/var/backups/passwd%.bak$'] = 'passwd',
+    ['/var/backups/shadow%.bak$'] = 'passwd',
+  },
+  ['/conf'] = {
+    ['/%.aptitude/config$'] = 'aptconf',
+    ['/build/conf/.*%.conf$'] = 'bitbake',
+    ['/meta%-.*/conf/.*%.conf$'] = 'bitbake',
+    ['/meta/conf/.*%.conf$'] = 'bitbake',
+    ['/%.cabal/config$'] = 'cabalconfig',
+    ['/cabal/config$'] = 'cabalconfig',
+    ['/%.aws/config$'] = 'confini',
+    ['/bpython/config$'] = 'dosini',
+    ['/flatpak/repo/config$'] = 'dosini',
+    ['/mypy/config$'] = 'dosini',
+    ['^${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/git/config$'] = 'gitconfig',
+    ['%.git/config%.worktree$'] = 'gitconfig',
+    ['%.git/config$'] = 'gitconfig',
+    ['%.git/modules/.*/config$'] = 'gitconfig',
+    ['%.git/modules/config$'] = 'gitconfig',
+    ['%.git/worktrees/.*/config%.worktree$'] = 'gitconfig',
+    ['/%.config/git/config$'] = 'gitconfig',
+    ['/gitolite%-admin/conf/'] = starsetf('gitolite'),
+    ['/%.i3/config$'] = 'i3config',
+    ['/i3/config$'] = 'i3config',
+    ['/supertux2/config$'] = 'lisp',
+    ['/%.mplayer/config$'] = 'mplayerconf',
+    ['/neofetch/config%.conf$'] = 'sh',
+    ['/%.ssh/config$'] = 'sshconfig',
+    ['/%.sway/config$'] = 'swayconfig',
+    ['/sway/config$'] = 'swayconfig',
+    ['/%.cargo/config$'] = 'toml',
+    ['/%.bundle/config$'] = 'yaml',
+  },
+  ['/%.'] = {
+    ['/%.aws/credentials$'] = 'confini',
+    ['/%.gitconfig%.d/'] = starsetf('gitconfig'),
+    ['/%.gnupg/gpg%.conf$'] = 'gpg',
+    ['/%.gnupg/options$'] = 'gpg',
+    ['/%.icewm/menu$'] = 'icemenu',
+    ['/%.libao$'] = 'libao',
+    ['/%.pinforc$'] = 'pinfo',
+    ['/%.cargo/credentials$'] = 'toml',
+    ['/%.init/.*%.override$'] = 'upstart',
+  },
+  ['calendar/'] = {
+    ['/%.calendar/'] = starsetf('calendar'),
+    ['/share/calendar/.*/calendar%.'] = starsetf('calendar'),
+    ['/share/calendar/calendar%.'] = starsetf('calendar'),
+  },
+  ['cmus/'] = {
+    -- */cmus/*.theme and */.cmus/*.theme
+    ['/%.?cmus/.*%.theme$'] = 'cmusrc',
+    -- */cmus/rc and */.cmus/rc
+    ['/%.?cmus/rc$'] = 'cmusrc',
+    ['/%.cmus/autosave$'] = 'cmusrc',
+    ['/%.cmus/command%-history$'] = 'cmusrc',
+  },
+  ['git/'] = {
+    ['%.git/'] = {
+      detect.git,
+      -- Decrease priority to run after simple pattern checks
+      { priority = -1 },
+    },
+    ['^${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/git/attributes$'] = 'gitattributes',
+    ['%.git/info/attributes$'] = 'gitattributes',
+    ['/%.config/git/attributes$'] = 'gitattributes',
+    ['^${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/git/ignore$'] = 'gitignore',
+    ['%.git/info/exclude$'] = 'gitignore',
+    ['/%.config/git/ignore$'] = 'gitignore',
+  },
+  ['bash'] = {
+    ['^%.bash[_%-]aliases$'] = detect.bash,
+    ['^%.bash[_%-]history$'] = detect.bash,
+    ['^%.bash[_%-]logout$'] = detect.bash,
+    ['^%.bash[_%-]profile$'] = detect.bash,
+    ['^bash%-fc[%-%.]'] = detect.bash,
+  },
+  ['%.cfg'] = {
+    ['enlightenment/.*%.cfg$'] = 'c',
+    ['Eterm/.*%.cfg$'] = 'eterm',
+    ['baseq[2-3]/.*%.cfg$'] = 'quake',
+    ['id1/.*%.cfg$'] = 'quake',
+    ['quake[1-3]/.*%.cfg$'] = 'quake',
+    ['/tex/latex/.*%.cfg$'] = 'tex',
+  },
+  ['%.conf'] = {
+    ['^proftpd%.conf'] = starsetf('apachestyle'),
+    ['^access%.conf'] = detect_apache_dotconf,
+    ['^apache%.conf'] = detect_apache_dotconf,
+    ['^apache2%.conf'] = detect_apache_dotconf,
+    ['^httpd%.conf'] = detect_apache_dotconf,
+    ['^srm%.conf'] = detect_apache_dotconf,
+    ['asterisk/.*%.conf'] = starsetf('asterisk'),
+    ['asterisk.*/.*voicemail%.conf'] = starsetf('asteriskvm'),
+    ['^dictd.*%.conf$'] = 'dictdconf',
+    ['/lxqt/.*%.conf$'] = 'dosini',
+    ['/screengrab/.*%.conf$'] = 'dosini',
+    ['^${GNUPGHOME}/gpg%.conf$'] = 'gpg',
+    ['/boot/grub/grub%.conf$'] = 'grub',
+    ['^lilo%.conf'] = starsetf('lilo'),
+    ['^named.*%.conf$'] = 'named',
+    ['^rndc.*%.conf$'] = 'named',
+    ['/openvpn/.*/.*%.conf$'] = 'openvpn',
+    ['/%.ssh/.*%.conf$'] = 'sshconfig',
+    ['^%.?tmux.*%.conf$'] = 'tmux',
+    ['^%.?tmux.*%.conf'] = { 'tmux', { priority = -1 } },
+    ['/%.config/upstart/.*%.conf$'] = 'upstart',
+    ['/%.config/upstart/.*%.override$'] = 'upstart',
+    ['/%.init/.*%.conf$'] = 'upstart',
+    ['/xorg%.conf%.d/.*%.conf$'] = detect.xfree86_v4,
+  },
+  ['sst%.meta'] = {
+    ['%.%-sst%.meta$'] = 'sisu',
+    ['%._sst%.meta$'] = 'sisu',
+    ['%.sst%.meta$'] = 'sisu',
+  },
+  ['file'] = {
+    ['^[mM]akefile%.am$'] = 'automake',
+    ['^Containerfile%.'] = starsetf('dockerfile'),
+    ['^Dockerfile%.'] = starsetf('dockerfile'),
+    ['^[jJ]ustfile$'] = 'just',
+    ['[mM]akefile$'] = 'make',
+    ['^[mM]akefile'] = starsetf('make'),
+    ['^[rR]akefile$'] = 'ruby',
+    ['^[rR]akefile'] = starsetf('ruby'),
+    ['^[rR]antfile$'] = 'ruby',
+    ['^%.profile'] = detect.sh,
+  },
+  ['fvwm'] = {
+    ['/%.fvwm/'] = starsetf('fvwm'),
+    ['fvwmrc'] = starsetf(detect.fvwm_v1),
+    ['fvwm95.*%.hook$'] = starsetf(detect.fvwm_v1),
+    ['fvwm2rc'] = starsetf(detect.fvwm_v2),
+  },
+  ['nginx'] = {
+    ['/nginx/.*%.conf$'] = 'nginx',
+    ['/usr/local/nginx/conf/'] = 'nginx',
+    ['nginx%.conf$'] = 'nginx',
+    ['^nginx.*%.conf$'] = 'nginx',
+  },
+  ['require'] = {
+    ['%-requirements%.txt$'] = 'requirements',
+    ['^requirements/.*%.txt$'] = 'requirements',
+    ['^requires/.*%.txt$'] = 'requirements',
+  },
+  ['s6'] = {
+    ['s6.*/down$'] = 'execline',
+    ['s6.*/finish$'] = 'execline',
+    ['s6.*/run$'] = 'execline',
+    ['s6.*/up$'] = 'execline',
+    ['^s6%-'] = 'execline',
+  },
+  ['utt'] = {
+    ['^mutt%-.*%-%w+$'] = 'mail',
+    ['^mutt' .. string.rep('[%w_-]', 6) .. '$'] = 'mail',
+    ['^muttng%-.*%-%w+$'] = 'mail',
+    ['^neomutt%-.*%-%w+$'] = 'mail',
+    ['^neomutt' .. string.rep('[%w_-]', 6) .. '$'] = 'mail',
+    -- muttngrc* and .muttngrc*
+    ['^%.?muttngrc'] = detect_muttrc,
+    -- muttrc* and .muttrc*
+    ['^%.?muttrc'] = detect_muttrc,
+    ['/%.mutt/muttrc'] = detect_muttrc,
+    ['/%.muttng/muttngrc'] = detect_muttrc,
+    ['/%.muttng/muttrc'] = detect_muttrc,
+    ['^Muttngrc$'] = 'muttrc',
+    ['^Muttngrc'] = detect_muttrc,
+    ['^Muttrc$'] = 'muttrc',
+    ['^Muttrc'] = detect_muttrc,
+    -- neomuttrc* and .neomuttrc*
+    ['^%.?neomuttrc'] = detect_neomuttrc,
+    ['/%.neomutt/neomuttrc'] = detect_neomuttrc,
+    ['^Neomuttrc'] = detect_neomuttrc,
+  },
+  ['^%.'] = {
+    ['^%.cshrc'] = detect.csh,
+    ['^%.login'] = detect.csh,
+    ['^%.gitsendemail%.msg%.......$'] = 'gitsendemail',
+    ['^%.kshrc'] = detect.ksh,
+    ['^%.article%.%d+$'] = 'mail',
+    ['^%.letter%.%d+$'] = 'mail',
+    ['^%.reminders'] = starsetf('remind'),
+    ['^%.tcshrc'] = detect.tcsh,
+    ['^%.zcompdump'] = starsetf('zsh'),
+  },
+  ['proj%.user$'] = {
+    ['%.csproj%.user$'] = 'xml',
+    ['%.fsproj%.user$'] = 'xml',
+    ['%.vbproj%.user$'] = 'xml',
+  },
+  [''] = {
+    ['/bind/db%.'] = starsetf('bindzone'),
+    ['/named/db%.'] = starsetf('bindzone'),
+    ['%.blade%.php$'] = 'blade',
+    ['^bzr_log%.'] = 'bzr',
+    ['^cabal%.project%.'] = starsetf('cabalproject'),
+    ['^sgml%.catalog'] = starsetf('catalog'),
+    ['%.[Cc][Ff][Gg]$'] = {
+      detect.cfg,
+      -- Decrease priority to avoid conflicts with more specific patterns
+      -- such as '.*/etc/a2ps/.*%.cfg', '.*enlightenment/.*%.cfg', etc.
+      { priority = -1 },
+    },
+    ['hgrc$'] = 'cfg',
+    ['^[cC]hange[lL]og'] = starsetf(detect.changelog),
+    ['%.%.ch$'] = 'chill',
+    ['%.cmake%.in$'] = 'cmake',
+    ['^crontab%.'] = starsetf('crontab'),
+    ['^cvs%d+$'] = 'cvs',
+    ['%.[Dd][Aa][Tt]$'] = detect.dat,
+    ['^php%.ini%-'] = 'dosini',
+    ['lpe$'] = 'dracula',
+    ['lvs$'] = 'dracula',
+    ['^drac%.'] = starsetf('dracula'),
+    ['/dtrace/.*%.d$'] = 'dtrace',
+    ['esmtprc$'] = 'esmtprc',
+    ['/0%.orig/'] = detect.foam,
+    ['/0/'] = detect.foam,
+    ['/constant/g$'] = detect.foam,
+    ['Transport%.'] = detect.foam,
+    ['^[a-zA-Z0-9].*Dict%.'] = detect.foam,
+    ['^[a-zA-Z0-9].*Dict$'] = detect.foam,
+    ['^[a-zA-Z].*Properties%.'] = detect.foam,
+    ['^[a-zA-Z].*Properties$'] = detect.foam,
+    ['/tmp/lltmp'] = starsetf('gedcom'),
+    ['^gkrellmrc_.$'] = 'gkrellmrc',
+    ['^${GNUPGHOME}/options$'] = 'gpg',
+    ['/boot/grub/menu%.lst$'] = 'grub',
+    -- gtkrc* and .gtkrc*
+    ['^%.?gtkrc'] = starsetf('gtkrc'),
+    ['^${VIMRUNTIME}/doc/.*%.txt$'] = 'help',
+    ['^hg%-editor%-.*%.txt$'] = 'hgcommit',
+    ['%.html%.m4$'] = 'htmlm4',
+    ['^JAM.*%.'] = starsetf('jam'),
+    ['^Prl.*%.'] = starsetf('jam'),
+    ['%.properties_..$'] = 'jproperties',
+    ['%.properties_.._..$'] = 'jproperties',
+    ['%.properties_.._.._'] = starsetf('jproperties'),
+    ['^org%.eclipse%..*%.prefs$'] = 'jproperties',
+    ['^[jt]sconfig.*%.json$'] = 'jsonc',
+    ['^Config%.in%.'] = starsetf('kconfig'),
+    ['^Kconfig%.'] = starsetf('kconfig'),
+    ['%.[Ss][Uu][Bb]$'] = 'krl',
+    ['/ldscripts/'] = 'ld',
+    ['lftp/rc$'] = 'lftp',
+    ['/LiteStep/.*/.*%.rc$'] = 'litestep',
+    ['%.[Ll][Oo][Gg]$'] = detect.log,
+    ['^/tmp/SLRN[0-9A-Z.]+$'] = 'mail',
+    ['^ae%d+%.txt$'] = 'mail',
+    ['^pico%.%d+$'] = 'mail',
+    ['^reportbug%-'] = starsetf('mail'),
+    ['^snd%.%d+$'] = 'mail',
+    ['%.[Mm][Oo][Dd]$'] = detect.mod,
+    ['^rndc.*%.key$'] = 'named',
+    ['%.NS[ACGLMNPS]$'] = 'natural',
+    ['%.[1-9]$'] = detect.nroff,
+    ['^tmac%.'] = starsetf('nroff'),
+    ['%.ml%.cppo$'] = 'ocaml',
+    ['%.mli%.cppo$'] = 'ocaml',
+    ['/octave/history$'] = 'octave',
+    ['%.opam%.locked$'] = 'opam',
+    ['%.opam%.template$'] = 'opam',
+    ['%.[Oo][Pp][Ll]$'] = 'opl',
+    ['^%.?gitolite%.rc$'] = 'perl',
+    ['^example%.gitolite%.rc$'] = 'perl',
+    ['%.php%d$'] = 'php',
+    ['%.[Pp][Rr][Gg]$'] = detect.prg,
+    ['printcap'] = starsetf(function(path, bufnr)
+      return require('vim.filetype.detect').printcap('print')
+    end),
+    ['/queries/.*%.scm$'] = 'query', -- treesitter queries (Neovim only)
+    [',v$'] = 'rcs',
+    ['%.[Ss][Rr][Cc]$'] = detect.src,
+    ['^svn%-commit.*%.tmp$'] = 'svn',
+    ['%.swift%.gyb$'] = 'swiftgyb',
+    ['%.[Ss][Yy][Ss]$'] = detect.sys,
+    ['termcap'] = starsetf(function(path, bufnr)
+      return require('vim.filetype.detect').printcap('term')
+    end),
+    ['%.t%.html$'] = 'tilde',
+    ['%.vhdl_[0-9]'] = starsetf('vhdl'),
+    ['vimrc'] = starsetf('vim'),
+    ['/Xresources/'] = starsetf('xdefaults'),
+    ['/app%-defaults/'] = starsetf('xdefaults'),
+    ['^Xresources'] = starsetf('xdefaults'),
+    -- Increase priority to run before the pattern below
+    ['^XF86Config%-4'] = starsetf(detect.xfree86_v4, { priority = -math.huge + 1 }),
+    ['^XF86Config'] = starsetf(detect.xfree86_v3),
+    ['Xmodmap$'] = 'xmodmap',
+    ['xmodmap'] = starsetf('xmodmap'),
+    -- .zlog* and zlog*
+    ['^%.?zlog'] = starsetf('zsh'),
+    -- .zsh* and zsh*
+    ['^%.?zsh'] = starsetf('zsh'),
+    -- Ignored extension
+    ['~$'] = function(path, bufnr)
+      local short = path:gsub('~+$', '', 1)
+      if path ~= short and short ~= '' then
+        return M.match({ buf = bufnr, filename = fn.fnameescape(short) })
+      end
+    end,
   },
-  ['%.git/modules/.*/config$'] = 'gitconfig',
-  ['%.git/modules/config$'] = 'gitconfig',
-  ['%.git/config$'] = 'gitconfig',
-  ['/etc/gitconfig$'] = 'gitconfig',
-  ['/%.config/git/config$'] = 'gitconfig',
-  ['%.git/config%.worktree$'] = 'gitconfig',
-  ['%.git/worktrees/.*/config%.worktree$'] = 'gitconfig',
-  ['^${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/git/config$'] = 'gitconfig',
-  ['%.git/info/attributes$'] = 'gitattributes',
-  ['/etc/gitattributes$'] = 'gitattributes',
-  ['/%.config/git/attributes$'] = 'gitattributes',
-  ['^${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/git/attributes$'] = 'gitattributes',
-  ['%.git/info/exclude$'] = 'gitignore',
-  ['/%.config/git/ignore$'] = 'gitignore',
-  ['^${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/git/ignore$'] = 'gitignore',
-  ['^%.gitsendemail%.msg%.......$'] = 'gitsendemail',
-  ['^gkrellmrc_.$'] = 'gkrellmrc',
-  ['/usr/.*/gnupg/options%.skel$'] = 'gpg',
-  ['/%.gnupg/options$'] = 'gpg',
-  ['/%.gnupg/gpg%.conf$'] = 'gpg',
-  ['^${GNUPGHOME}/options$'] = 'gpg',
-  ['^${GNUPGHOME}/gpg%.conf$'] = 'gpg',
-  ['/etc/group$'] = 'group',
-  ['/etc/gshadow$'] = 'group',
-  ['/etc/group%.edit$'] = 'group',
-  ['/var/backups/gshadow%.bak$'] = 'group',
-  ['/etc/group%-$'] = 'group',
-  ['/etc/gshadow%-$'] = 'group',
-  ['/var/backups/group%.bak$'] = 'group',
-  ['/etc/gshadow%.edit$'] = 'group',
-  ['/boot/grub/grub%.conf$'] = 'grub',
-  ['/boot/grub/menu%.lst$'] = 'grub',
-  ['/etc/grub%.conf$'] = 'grub',
-  -- gtkrc* and .gtkrc*
-  ['^%.?gtkrc'] = starsetf('gtkrc'),
-  ['^${VIMRUNTIME}/doc/.*%.txt$'] = 'help',
-  ['^hg%-editor%-.*%.txt$'] = 'hgcommit',
-  ['/etc/host%.conf$'] = 'hostconf',
-  ['/etc/hosts%.deny$'] = 'hostsaccess',
-  ['/etc/hosts%.allow$'] = 'hostsaccess',
-  ['%.html%.m4$'] = 'htmlm4',
-  ['/%.i3/config$'] = 'i3config',
-  ['/i3/config$'] = 'i3config',
-  ['/%.icewm/menu$'] = 'icemenu',
-  ['/etc/initng/.*/.*%.i$'] = 'initng',
-  ['^JAM.*%.'] = starsetf('jam'),
-  ['^Prl.*%.'] = starsetf('jam'),
-  ['%.properties_..$'] = 'jproperties',
-  ['%.properties_.._..$'] = 'jproperties',
-  ['^org%.eclipse%..*%.prefs$'] = 'jproperties',
-  ['%.properties_.._.._'] = starsetf('jproperties'),
-  ['^[jt]sconfig.*%.json$'] = 'jsonc',
-  ['^[jJ]ustfile$'] = 'just',
-  ['^Kconfig%.'] = starsetf('kconfig'),
-  ['^Config%.in%.'] = starsetf('kconfig'),
-  ['%.[Ss][Uu][Bb]$'] = 'krl',
-  ['^lilo%.conf'] = starsetf('lilo'),
-  ['/etc/logcheck/.*%.d.*/'] = starsetf('logcheck'),
-  ['/ldscripts/'] = 'ld',
-  ['lftp/rc$'] = 'lftp',
-  ['/%.libao$'] = 'libao',
-  ['/etc/libao%.conf$'] = 'libao',
-  ['/etc/.*limits%.conf$'] = 'limits',
-  ['/etc/limits$'] = 'limits',
-  ['/etc/.*limits%.d/.*%.conf$'] = 'limits',
-  ['/supertux2/config$'] = 'lisp',
-  ['/LiteStep/.*/.*%.rc$'] = 'litestep',
-  ['/etc/login%.access$'] = 'loginaccess',
-  ['/etc/login%.defs$'] = 'logindefs',
-  ['^%.letter%.%d+$'] = 'mail',
-  ['^%.article%.%d+$'] = 'mail',
-  ['^/tmp/SLRN[0-9A-Z.]+$'] = 'mail',
-  ['^ae%d+%.txt$'] = 'mail',
-  ['^pico%.%d+$'] = 'mail',
-  ['^mutt%-.*%-%w+$'] = 'mail',
-  ['^muttng%-.*%-%w+$'] = 'mail',
-  ['^neomutt%-.*%-%w+$'] = 'mail',
-  ['^mutt' .. string.rep('[%w_-]', 6) .. '$'] = 'mail',
-  ['^neomutt' .. string.rep('[%w_-]', 6) .. '$'] = 'mail',
-  ['^snd%.%d+$'] = 'mail',
-  ['^reportbug%-'] = starsetf('mail'),
-  ['/etc/mail/aliases$'] = 'mailaliases',
-  ['/etc/aliases$'] = 'mailaliases',
-  ['[mM]akefile$'] = 'make',
-  ['^[mM]akefile'] = starsetf('make'),
-  ['/etc/man%.conf$'] = 'manconf',
-  ['/log/auth$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/cron$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/daemon$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/debug$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/kern$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/lpr$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/mail$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/messages$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/news/news$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/syslog$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/user$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/auth%.log$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/cron%.log$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/daemon%.log$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/debug%.log$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/kern%.log$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/lpr%.log$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/mail%.log$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/messages%.log$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/news/news%.log$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/syslog%.log$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/user%.log$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/auth%.err$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/cron%.err$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/daemon%.err$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/debug%.err$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/kern%.err$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/lpr%.err$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/mail%.err$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/messages%.err$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/news/news%.err$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/syslog%.err$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/user%.err$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/auth%.info$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/cron%.info$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/daemon%.info$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/debug%.info$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/kern%.info$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/lpr%.info$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/mail%.info$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/messages%.info$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/news/news%.info$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/syslog%.info$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/user%.info$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/auth%.warn$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/cron%.warn$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/daemon%.warn$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/debug%.warn$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/kern%.warn$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/lpr%.warn$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/mail%.warn$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/messages%.warn$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/news/news%.warn$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/syslog%.warn$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/user%.warn$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/auth%.crit$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/cron%.crit$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/daemon%.crit$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/debug%.crit$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/kern%.crit$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/lpr%.crit$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/mail%.crit$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/messages%.crit$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/news/news%.crit$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/syslog%.crit$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/user%.crit$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/auth%.notice$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/cron%.notice$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/daemon%.notice$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/debug%.notice$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/kern%.notice$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/lpr%.notice$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/mail%.notice$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/messages%.notice$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/news/news%.notice$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/syslog%.notice$'] = 'messages',
-  ['/log/user%.notice$'] = 'messages',
-  ['%.[Mm][Oo][Dd]$'] = detect.mod,
-  ['/etc/modules%.conf$'] = 'modconf',
-  ['/etc/conf%.modules$'] = 'modconf',
-  ['/etc/modules$'] = 'modconf',
-  ['/etc/modprobe%.'] = starsetf('modconf'),
-  ['/etc/modutils/'] = starsetf(function(path, bufnr)
-    if fn.executable(fn.expand(path)) ~= 1 then
-      return 'modconf'
-    end
-  end),
-  ['^Muttrc$'] = 'muttrc',
-  ['^Muttngrc$'] = 'muttrc',
-  ['/etc/Muttrc%.d/'] = starsetf('muttrc'),
-  ['/%.mplayer/config$'] = 'mplayerconf',
-  ['^Muttrc'] = detect_muttrc,
-  ['^Muttngrc'] = detect_muttrc,
-  -- muttrc* and .muttrc*
-  ['^%.?muttrc'] = detect_muttrc,
-  -- muttngrc* and .muttngrc*
-  ['^%.?muttngrc'] = detect_muttrc,
-  ['/%.mutt/muttrc'] = detect_muttrc,
-  ['/%.muttng/muttrc'] = detect_muttrc,
-  ['/%.muttng/muttngrc'] = detect_muttrc,
-  ['^rndc.*%.conf$'] = 'named',
-  ['^rndc.*%.key$'] = 'named',
-  ['^named.*%.conf$'] = 'named',
-  ['/etc/nanorc$'] = 'nanorc',
-  ['%.NS[ACGLMNPS]$'] = 'natural',
-  ['^Neomuttrc'] = detect_neomuttrc,
-  -- neomuttrc* and .neomuttrc*
-  ['^%.?neomuttrc'] = detect_neomuttrc,
-  ['/%.neomutt/neomuttrc'] = detect_neomuttrc,
-  ['^nginx.*%.conf$'] = 'nginx',
-  ['/etc/nginx/'] = 'nginx',
-  ['nginx%.conf$'] = 'nginx',
-  ['/nginx/.*%.conf$'] = 'nginx',
-  ['/usr/local/nginx/conf/'] = 'nginx',
-  ['%.[1-9]$'] = detect.nroff,
-  ['%.ml%.cppo$'] = 'ocaml',
-  ['%.mli%.cppo$'] = 'ocaml',
-  ['/octave/history$'] = 'octave',
-  ['%.opam%.locked$'] = 'opam',
-  ['%.opam%.template$'] = 'opam',
-  ['/openvpn/.*/.*%.conf$'] = 'openvpn',
-  ['%.[Oo][Pp][Ll]$'] = 'opl',
-  ['/etc/pam%.conf$'] = 'pamconf',
-  ['/etc/pam%.d/'] = starsetf('pamconf'),
-  ['/etc/passwd%-$'] = 'passwd',
-  ['/etc/shadow$'] = 'passwd',
-  ['/etc/shadow%.edit$'] = 'passwd',
-  ['/var/backups/shadow%.bak$'] = 'passwd',
-  ['/var/backups/passwd%.bak$'] = 'passwd',
-  ['/etc/passwd$'] = 'passwd',
-  ['/etc/passwd%.edit$'] = 'passwd',
-  ['/etc/shadow%-$'] = 'passwd',
-  ['^%.?gitolite%.rc$'] = 'perl',
-  ['^example%.gitolite%.rc$'] = 'perl',
-  ['%.php%d$'] = 'php',
-  ['/%.pinforc$'] = 'pinfo',
-  ['/etc/pinforc$'] = 'pinfo',
-  ['%.[Pp][Rr][Gg]$'] = detect.prg,
-  ['/etc/protocols$'] = 'protocols',
-  ['printcap'] = starsetf(function(path, bufnr)
-    return require('vim.filetype.detect').printcap('print')
-  end),
-  ['baseq[2-3]/.*%.cfg$'] = 'quake',
-  ['quake[1-3]/.*%.cfg$'] = 'quake',
-  ['id1/.*%.cfg$'] = 'quake',
-  ['/queries/.*%.scm$'] = 'query', -- treesitter queries (Neovim only)
-  [',v$'] = 'rcs',
-  ['^%.reminders'] = starsetf('remind'),
-  ['%-requirements%.txt$'] = 'requirements',
-  ['^requirements/.*%.txt$'] = 'requirements',
-  ['^requires/.*%.txt$'] = 'requirements',
-  ['^[rR]akefile'] = starsetf('ruby'),
-  ['^[rR]antfile$'] = 'ruby',
-  ['^[rR]akefile$'] = 'ruby',
-  ['/etc/sensors%.d/[^.]'] = starsetf('sensors'),
-  ['/etc/sensors%.conf$'] = 'sensors',
-  ['/etc/sensors3%.conf$'] = 'sensors',
-  ['/etc/services$'] = 'services',
-  ['/etc/serial%.conf$'] = 'setserial',
-  ['/etc/udev/cdsymlinks%.conf$'] = 'sh',
-  ['/neofetch/config%.conf$'] = 'sh',
-  ['^%.bash[_%-]aliases$'] = detect.bash,
-  ['^%.bash[_%-]history$'] = detect.bash,
-  ['^%.bash[_%-]logout$'] = detect.bash,
-  ['^%.bash[_%-]profile$'] = detect.bash,
-  ['^%.kshrc'] = detect.ksh,
-  ['^%.profile'] = detect.sh,
-  ['/etc/profile$'] = detect.sh,
-  ['^bash%-fc[%-%.]'] = detect.bash,
-  ['^%.tcshrc'] = detect.tcsh,
-  ['/etc/sudoers%.d/'] = starsetf('sudoers'),
-  ['%._sst%.meta$'] = 'sisu',
-  ['%.%-sst%.meta$'] = 'sisu',
-  ['%.sst%.meta$'] = 'sisu',
-  ['/etc/slp%.conf$'] = 'slpconf',
-  ['/etc/slp%.reg$'] = 'slpreg',
-  ['/etc/slp%.spi$'] = 'slpspi',
-  ['/etc/ssh/ssh_config%.d/.*%.conf$'] = 'sshconfig',
-  ['/%.ssh/config$'] = 'sshconfig',
-  ['/%.ssh/.*%.conf$'] = 'sshconfig',
-  ['/etc/ssh/sshd_config%.d/.*%.conf$'] = 'sshdconfig',
-  ['%.[Ss][Rr][Cc]$'] = detect.src,
-  ['/etc/sudoers$'] = 'sudoers',
-  ['^svn%-commit.*%.tmp$'] = 'svn',
-  ['/sway/config$'] = 'swayconfig',
-  ['/%.sway/config$'] = 'swayconfig',
-  ['%.swift%.gyb$'] = 'swiftgyb',
-  ['%.[Ss][Yy][Ss]$'] = detect.sys,
-  ['/etc/sysctl%.conf$'] = 'sysctl',
-  ['/etc/sysctl%.d/.*%.conf$'] = 'sysctl',
-  ['/systemd/.*%.automount$'] = 'systemd',
-  ['/systemd/.*%.dnssd$'] = 'systemd',
-  ['/systemd/.*%.link$'] = 'systemd',
-  ['/systemd/.*%.mount$'] = 'systemd',
-  ['/systemd/.*%.netdev$'] = 'systemd',
-  ['/systemd/.*%.network$'] = 'systemd',
-  ['/systemd/.*%.nspawn$'] = 'systemd',
-  ['/systemd/.*%.path$'] = 'systemd',
-  ['/systemd/.*%.service$'] = 'systemd',
-  ['/systemd/.*%.slice$'] = 'systemd',
-  ['/systemd/.*%.socket$'] = 'systemd',
-  ['/systemd/.*%.swap$'] = 'systemd',
-  ['/systemd/.*%.target$'] = 'systemd',
-  ['/systemd/.*%.timer$'] = 'systemd',
-  ['/etc/systemd/.*%.conf%.d/.*%.conf$'] = 'systemd',
-  ['/%.config/systemd/user/.*%.d/.*%.conf$'] = 'systemd',
-  ['/etc/systemd/system/.*%.d/.*%.conf$'] = 'systemd',
-  ['/etc/systemd/system/.*%.d/%.#'] = 'systemd',
-  ['/etc/systemd/system/%.#'] = 'systemd',
-  ['/%.config/systemd/user/.*%.d/%.#'] = 'systemd',
-  ['/%.config/systemd/user/%.#'] = 'systemd',
-  ['termcap'] = starsetf(function(path, bufnr)
-    return require('vim.filetype.detect').printcap('term')
-  end),
-  ['/tex/latex/.*%.cfg$'] = 'tex',
-  ['%.t%.html$'] = 'tilde',
-  ['^%.?tmux.*%.conf$'] = 'tmux',
-  ['^%.?tmux.*%.conf'] = { 'tmux', { priority = -1 } },
-  ['/%.cargo/config$'] = 'toml',
-  ['/%.cargo/credentials$'] = 'toml',
-  ['/etc/udev/udev%.conf$'] = 'udevconf',
-  ['/etc/udev/permissions%.d/.*%.permissions$'] = 'udevperm',
-  ['/etc/updatedb%.conf$'] = 'updatedb',
-  ['/%.init/.*%.override$'] = 'upstart',
-  ['/usr/share/upstart/.*%.conf$'] = 'upstart',
-  ['/%.config/upstart/.*%.override$'] = 'upstart',
-  ['/etc/init/.*%.conf$'] = 'upstart',
-  ['/etc/init/.*%.override$'] = 'upstart',
-  ['/%.config/upstart/.*%.conf$'] = 'upstart',
-  ['/%.init/.*%.conf$'] = 'upstart',
-  ['/usr/share/upstart/.*%.override$'] = 'upstart',
-  ['%.[Ll][Oo][Gg]$'] = detect.log,
-  ['/etc/config/'] = starsetf(detect.uci),
-  ['%.vhdl_[0-9]'] = starsetf('vhdl'),
-  ['/Xresources/'] = starsetf('xdefaults'),
-  ['/app%-defaults/'] = starsetf('xdefaults'),
-  ['/etc/xinetd%.conf$'] = 'xinetd',
-  ['/usr/share/X11/xkb/compat/'] = starsetf('xkb'),
-  ['/usr/share/X11/xkb/geometry/'] = starsetf('xkb'),
-  ['/usr/share/X11/xkb/keycodes/'] = starsetf('xkb'),
-  ['/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/'] = starsetf('xkb'),
-  ['/usr/share/X11/xkb/types/'] = starsetf('xkb'),
-  ['/etc/blkid%.tab$'] = 'xml',
-  ['/etc/blkid%.tab%.old$'] = 'xml',
-  ['%.vbproj%.user$'] = 'xml',
-  ['%.fsproj%.user$'] = 'xml',
-  ['%.csproj%.user$'] = 'xml',
-  ['/etc/xdg/menus/.*%.menu$'] = 'xml',
-  ['Xmodmap$'] = 'xmodmap',
-  ['/etc/zprofile$'] = 'zsh',
-  ['vimrc'] = starsetf('vim'),
-  ['^Xresources'] = starsetf('xdefaults'),
-  ['/etc/xinetd%.d/'] = starsetf('xinetd'),
-  ['xmodmap'] = starsetf('xmodmap'),
-  ['/xorg%.conf%.d/.*%.conf$'] = detect.xfree86_v4,
-  -- Increase priority to run before the pattern below
-  ['^XF86Config%-4'] = starsetf(detect.xfree86_v4, { priority = -math.huge + 1 }),
-  ['^XF86Config'] = starsetf(detect.xfree86_v3),
-  ['/%.bundle/config$'] = 'yaml',
-  ['^%.zcompdump'] = starsetf('zsh'),
-  -- .zlog* and zlog*
-  ['^%.?zlog'] = starsetf('zsh'),
-  -- .zsh* and zsh*
-  ['^%.?zsh'] = starsetf('zsh'),
-  -- Ignored extension
-  ['~$'] = function(path, bufnr)
-    local short = path:gsub('~+$', '', 1)
-    if path ~= short and short ~= '' then
-      return M.match({ buf = bufnr, filename = fn.fnameescape(short) })
-    end
-  end,
   -- END PATTERN
 }
 -- luacheck: pop
@@ -2240,7 +2303,13 @@ local function compare_by_priority(a, b)
   return a[next(a)][2].priority > b[next(b)][2].priority
 end
 
---- @param t vim.filetype.mapping
+--- @param pat string
+--- @return { has_env: boolean, has_slash: boolean }
+local function parse_pattern(pat)
+  return { has_env = pat:find('%$%b{}') ~= nil, has_slash = pat:find('/') ~= nil }
+end
+
+--- @param t table<string,vim.filetype.mapping>
 --- @return vim.filetype.mapping[]
 --- @return vim.filetype.mapping[]
 local function sort_by_priority(t)
@@ -2248,21 +2317,24 @@ local function sort_by_priority(t)
   -- will be processed separately
   local pos = {} --- @type vim.filetype.mapping[]
   local neg = {} --- @type vim.filetype.mapping[]
-  for pat, maptbl in pairs(t) do
-    local ft = type(maptbl) == 'table' and maptbl[1] or maptbl
-    assert(
-      type(ft) == 'string' or type(ft) == 'function',
-      'Expected string or function for filetype'
-    )
+  for parent, ft_map in pairs(t) do
+    pattern_lookup[parent] = pattern_lookup[parent] or parse_pattern(parent)
+    for pat, maptbl in pairs(ft_map) do
+      local ft = type(maptbl) == 'table' and maptbl[1] or maptbl
+      assert(
+        type(ft) == 'string' or type(ft) == 'function',
+        'Expected string or function for filetype'
+      )
 
-    -- Parse pattern for common data and cache it once
-    pattern_lookup[pat] = pattern_lookup[pat]
-      or { has_env = pat:find('%$%b{}') ~= nil, has_slash = pat:find('/') ~= nil }
+      -- Parse pattern for common data and cache it once
+      pattern_lookup[pat] = pattern_lookup[pat] or parse_pattern(pat)
 
-    local opts = (type(maptbl) == 'table' and type(maptbl[2]) == 'table') and maptbl[2] or {}
-    opts.priority = opts.priority or 0
+      local opts = (type(maptbl) == 'table' and type(maptbl[2]) == 'table') and maptbl[2] or {}
+      opts.parent = opts.parent or parent
+      opts.priority = opts.priority or 0
 
-    table.insert(opts.priority >= 0 and pos or neg, { [pat] = { ft, opts } })
+      table.insert(opts.priority >= 0 and pos or neg, { [pat] = { ft, opts } })
+    end
   end
 
   table.sort(pos, compare_by_priority)
@@ -2390,8 +2462,10 @@ function M.add(filetypes)
   end
 
   for k, v in pairs(filetypes.pattern or {}) do
+    -- Add to "match all" parent pattern (might be better to optimize later or document
+    -- supplying `opts.parent` directly)
     -- User patterns are assumed to be implicitly anchored (as in Vim)
-    pattern['^' .. normalize_path(k, true) .. '$'] = v
+    pattern['']['^' .. normalize_path(k, true) .. '$'] = v
   end
 
   if filetypes.pattern then
@@ -2458,8 +2532,9 @@ end
 --- @param path string
 --- @param tail string
 --- @param pat string
---- @return string|boolean?
-local function match_pattern(name, path, tail, pat)
+--- @param try_all_candidates boolean
+--- @return string?
+local function match_pattern(name, path, tail, pat, try_all_candidates)
   local pat_cache = pattern_lookup[pat]
   local has_slash = pat_cache.has_slash
 
@@ -2467,11 +2542,16 @@ local function match_pattern(name, path, tail, pat)
     local some_env_missing, expanded = expand_envvar_pattern(pat)
     -- If any environment variable is present in the pattern but not set, there is no match
     if some_env_missing then
-      return false
+      return nil
     end
     pat, has_slash = expanded, expanded:find('/') ~= nil
   end
 
+  -- Try all possible candidates to make parent patterns not depend on slash presence
+  if try_all_candidates then
+    return (path:match(pat) or name:match(pat) or tail:match(pat))
+  end
+
   -- If the pattern contains a / match against the full path, otherwise just the tail
   if has_slash then
     -- Similar to |autocmd-pattern|, if the pattern contains a '/' then check for a match against
@@ -2487,15 +2567,26 @@ end
 --- @param path string
 --- @param tail string
 --- @param pattern_sorted vim.filetype.mapping[]
+--- @param parent_matches table<string,boolean>
 --- @param bufnr integer?
-local function match_pattern_sorted(name, path, tail, pattern_sorted, bufnr)
+local function match_pattern_sorted(name, path, tail, pattern_sorted, parent_matches, bufnr)
   for i = 1, #pattern_sorted do
     local pat, ft_data = next(pattern_sorted[i])
-    local matches = match_pattern(name, path, tail, pat)
-    if matches then
-      local ft, on_detect = dispatch(ft_data[1], path, bufnr, matches)
-      if ft then
-        return ft, on_detect
+
+    local parent = ft_data[2].parent
+    local parent_is_matched = parent_matches[parent]
+    if parent_is_matched == nil then
+      parent_matches[parent] = match_pattern(name, path, tail, parent, true) ~= nil
+      parent_is_matched = parent_matches[parent]
+    end
+
+    if parent_is_matched then
+      local matches = match_pattern(name, path, tail, pat, false)
+      if matches then
+        local ft, on_detect = dispatch(ft_data[1], path, bufnr, matches)
+        if ft then
+          return ft, on_detect
+        end
       end
     end
   end
@@ -2594,7 +2685,10 @@ function M.match(args)
     end
 
     -- Next, check the file path against available patterns with non-negative priority
-    ft, on_detect = match_pattern_sorted(name, path, tail, pattern_sorted_pos, bufnr)
+    -- Cache match results of all parent patterns to improve performance
+    local parent_matches = {}
+    ft, on_detect =
+      match_pattern_sorted(name, path, tail, pattern_sorted_pos, parent_matches, bufnr)
     if ft then
       return ft, on_detect
     end
@@ -2609,7 +2703,8 @@ function M.match(args)
     end
 
     -- Next, check patterns with negative priority
-    ft, on_detect = match_pattern_sorted(name, path, tail, pattern_sorted_neg, bufnr)
+    ft, on_detect =
+      match_pattern_sorted(name, path, tail, pattern_sorted_neg, parent_matches, bufnr)
     if ft then
       return ft, on_detect
     end