vim-patch:8.1.0632: using sign group names is inefficient

Problem:    Using sign group names is inefficient.
Solution:   Store group names in a hash table and use a reference to them.
            Also remove unnecessary use of ":exe" from the tests.  (Yegappan
            Lakshmanan, closes vim/vim#3715)
https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/7a2d9892b7158edf8dc48e9bcaaae70a40787b37

4 files changed, 167 insertions, 72 deletions

diff --git a/src/nvim/buffer.c b/src/nvim/buffer.c
index da65682fbe..3ddd2a7163 100644
--- a/src/nvim/buffer.c
+++ b/src/nvim/buffer.c
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@
 #include "nvim/quickfix.h"
 #include "nvim/regexp.h"
 #include "nvim/screen.h"
+#include "nvim/sign.h"
 #include "nvim/spell.h"
 #include "nvim/strings.h"
 #include "nvim/syntax.h"
@@ -5255,6 +5256,70 @@ bool find_win_for_buf(buf_T *buf, win_T **wp, tabpage_T **tp)
   return false;
 }
 
+static hashtab_T	sg_table;	// sign group (signgroup_T) hashtable
+
+/*
+ * A new sign in group 'groupname' is added. If the group is not present,
+ * create it. Otherwise reference the group.
+ */
+static signgroup_T * sign_group_ref(char_u *groupname)
+{
+  static int		initialized = FALSE;
+  hash_T		hash;
+  hashitem_T		*hi;
+  signgroup_T		*group;
+
+  if (!initialized) {
+    initialized = TRUE;
+    hash_init(&sg_table);
+  }
+
+  hash = hash_hash(groupname);
+  hi = hash_lookup(&sg_table, S_LEN(groupname), hash);
+  if (HASHITEM_EMPTY(hi))
+  {
+    // new group
+    group = (signgroup_T *)xmalloc(
+        (unsigned)(sizeof(signgroup_T) + STRLEN(groupname)));
+    if (group == NULL)
+      return NULL;
+    STRCPY(group->sg_name, groupname);
+    group->refcount = 1;
+    hash_add_item(&sg_table, hi, group->sg_name, hash);
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    // existing group
+    group = HI2SG(hi);
+    group->refcount++;
+  }
+
+  return group;
+}
+
+/*
+ * A sign in group 'groupname' is removed. If all the signs in this group are
+ * removed, then remove the group.
+ */
+static void sign_group_unref(char_u *groupname)
+{
+  hashitem_T		*hi;
+  signgroup_T		*group;
+
+  hi = hash_find(&sg_table, groupname);
+  if (!HASHITEM_EMPTY(hi))
+  {
+    group = HI2SG(hi);
+    group->refcount--;
+    if (group->refcount == 0)
+    {
+      // All the signs in this group are removed
+      hash_remove(&sg_table, hi);
+      xfree(group);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 /*
  * Insert a new sign into the signlist for buffer 'buf' between the 'prev' and
  * 'next' signs.
@@ -5275,7 +5340,14 @@ static void insert_sign(
     newsign->lnum = lnum;
     newsign->typenr = typenr;
 	   if (group != NULL)
-	       newsign->group = vim_strsave(group);
+	{
+	    newsign->group = sign_group_ref(group);
+	    if (newsign->group == NULL)
+	    {
+		xfree(newsign);
+		return;
+	    }
+	}
 	   else
 	       newsign->group = NULL;
 	   newsign->priority = prio;
@@ -5431,7 +5503,7 @@ int sign_in_group(signlist_T *sign, char_u *group)
   return ((group != NULL && STRCMP(group, "*") == 0) ||
       (group == NULL && sign->group == NULL) ||
       (group != NULL && sign->group != NULL &&
-       STRCMP(group, sign->group) == 0));
+				STRCMP(group, sign->group->sg_name) == 0));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -5445,7 +5517,7 @@ dict_T * sign_get_info(signlist_T *sign)
     return NULL;
   }
   tv_dict_add_nr(d,  S_LEN("id"), sign->id);
-  tv_dict_add_str(d, S_LEN("group"), (sign->group == NULL) ? (char_u *)"" : sign->group);
+  tv_dict_add_str(d, S_LEN("group"), (sign->group == NULL) ? (char_u *)"" : sign->group->sg_name);
   tv_dict_add_nr(d,  S_LEN("lnum"), sign->lnum);
   tv_dict_add_str(d, S_LEN("name"), sign_typenr2name(sign->typenr));
   tv_dict_add_nr(d,  S_LEN("priority"), sign->priority);
@@ -5459,7 +5531,7 @@ dict_T * sign_get_info(signlist_T *sign)
 void buf_addsign(
     buf_T *buf,     // buffer to store sign in
     int id,         // sign ID
-    char_u	*group,  // sign group
+    char_u	*groupname,	// sign group
     int prio,       // sign priority
     linenr_T lnum,  // line number which gets the mark
     int typenr      // typenr of sign we are adding
@@ -5472,19 +5544,19 @@ void buf_addsign(
     prev = NULL;
     FOR_ALL_SIGNS_IN_BUF(buf) {
         if (lnum == sign->lnum && id == sign->id &&
-            sign_in_group(sign, group)) {
+            sign_in_group(sign, groupname)) {
           // Update an existing sign
           sign->typenr = typenr;
           return;
         } else if ((lnum == sign->lnum && id != sign->id)
                    || (id < 0 && lnum < sign->lnum)) {
-          insert_sign_by_lnum_prio(buf, prev, id, group, prio, lnum, typenr);
+          insert_sign_by_lnum_prio(buf, prev, id, groupname, prio, lnum, typenr);
           return;
         }
         prev = sign;
     }
 
-    insert_sign_by_lnum_prio(buf, prev, id, group, prio, lnum, typenr);
+    insert_sign_by_lnum_prio(buf, prev, id, groupname, prio, lnum, typenr);
 
     // Having more than one sign with _the same type_ and on the _same line_ is
     // unwanted, let's prevent it.
@@ -5604,7 +5676,8 @@ linenr_T buf_delsign(
               next->prev = sign->prev;
             }
             lnum = sign->lnum;
-            xfree(sign->group);
+	    if (sign->group != NULL)
+		sign_group_unref(sign->group->sg_name);
             xfree(sign);
             // Check whether only one sign needs to be deleted
             if (group == NULL || (*group != '*' && id != 0))
@@ -5709,7 +5782,7 @@ int buf_findsign_id(
 /*
  * Delete signs in buffer "buf".
  */
-buf_delete_signs(buf_T *buf, char_u *group)
+void buf_delete_signs(buf_T *buf, char_u *group)
 {
     signlist_T	*sign;
     signlist_T	**lastp;	// pointer to pointer to current sign
@@ -5730,7 +5803,9 @@ buf_delete_signs(buf_T *buf, char_u *group)
         if (next != NULL) {
           next->prev = sign->prev;
         }
-        xfree(sign->group);
+        if (sign->group != NULL) {
+          sign_group_unref(sign->group->sg_name);
+        }
         xfree(sign);
       } else {
         lastp = &sign->next;
@@ -5775,11 +5850,14 @@ void sign_list_placed(buf_T *rbuf, char_u *sign_group)
             msg_putchar('\n');
         }
         FOR_ALL_SIGNS_IN_BUF(buf) {
+          if (got_int) {
+            break;
+          }
           if (!sign_in_group(sign, sign_group)) {
             continue;
           }
           if (sign->group != NULL) {
-            vim_snprintf(group, BUFSIZ, "  group=%s", sign->group);
+            vim_snprintf(group, BUFSIZ, "  group=%s", sign->group->sg_name);
           } else {
             group[0] = '\0';
           }
diff --git a/src/nvim/ex_cmds.c b/src/nvim/ex_cmds.c
index 4a589ec6e5..82b16a721e 100644
--- a/src/nvim/ex_cmds.c
+++ b/src/nvim/ex_cmds.c
@@ -6072,7 +6072,7 @@ void ex_sign(exarg_T *eap)
 
     if (bufarg && buf == NULL) {
       EMSG2(_("E158: Invalid buffer name: %s"), arg);
-    } else if (id <= 0 && !(idx == SIGNCMD_UNPLACE && id == -2)) {
+    } else if (id <= 0 && idx == SIGNCMD_PLACE) {
       if ((group == NULL) && (lnum >= 0 || sign_name != NULL)) {
         EMSG(_(e_invarg));
       } else {
diff --git a/src/nvim/sign_defs.h b/src/nvim/sign_defs.h
index 313fb330ed..e3028a80ba 100644
--- a/src/nvim/sign_defs.h
+++ b/src/nvim/sign_defs.h
@@ -5,6 +5,17 @@
 
 // signs: line annotations
 
+// Sign group
+typedef struct signgroup_S
+{
+    uint16_t	refcount;		// number of signs in this group
+    char_u	sg_name[1];		// sign group name
+} signgroup_T;
+
+// Macros to get the sign group structure from the group name
+#define SGN_KEY_OFF	offsetof(signgroup_T, sg_name)
+#define HI2SG(hi)	((signgroup_T *)((hi)->hi_key - SGN_KEY_OFF))
+
 typedef struct signlist signlist_T;
 
 struct signlist
@@ -12,7 +23,7 @@ struct signlist
     int id;             // unique identifier for each placed sign
     linenr_T lnum;      // line number which has this sign
     int typenr;         // typenr of sign
-    char_u *group;		   // sign group
+    signgroup_T *group; // sign group
     int priority;	     // priority for highlighting
     signlist_T *next;   // next signlist entry
     signlist_T *prev;   // previous entry -- for easy reordering
diff --git a/src/nvim/testdir/test_signs.vim b/src/nvim/testdir/test_signs.vim
index 5e2ac3fb94..a0acc54b5b 100644
--- a/src/nvim/testdir/test_signs.vim
+++ b/src/nvim/testdir/test_signs.vim
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ func Test_sign()
   redraw
 
   " Check that we can't change sign.
-  call assert_fails("exe 'sign place 40 name=Sign1 buffer=' . bufnr('%')", 'E885:')
+  call assert_fails("sign place 40 name=Sign1 buffer=" . bufnr('%'), 'E885:')
 
   " Check placed signs
   let a=execute('sign place')
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ func Test_sign()
   " Unplace the sign and try jumping to it again should fail.
   sign unplace 41
   1
-  call assert_fails("exe 'sign jump 41 buffer=' . bufnr('%')", 'E157:')
+  call assert_fails("sign jump 41 buffer=" . bufnr('%'), 'E157:')
   call assert_equal('a', getline('.'))
 
   " Unplace sign on current line.
@@ -132,17 +132,22 @@ func Test_sign()
   sign undefine Sign4
 
   " Error cases
-  call assert_fails("exe 'sign place abc line=3 name=Sign1 buffer=' . bufnr('%')", 'E474:')
-  call assert_fails("exe 'sign unplace abc name=Sign1 buffer=' . bufnr('%')", 'E474:')
-  call assert_fails("exe 'sign place 1abc line=3 name=Sign1 buffer=' . bufnr('%')", 'E474:')
-  call assert_fails("exe 'sign unplace 2abc name=Sign1 buffer=' . bufnr('%')", 'E474:')
+  call assert_fails("sign place abc line=3 name=Sign1 buffer=" .
+			  \ bufnr('%'), 'E474:')
+  call assert_fails("sign unplace abc name=Sign1 buffer=" .
+			  \ bufnr('%'), 'E474:')
+  call assert_fails("sign place 1abc line=3 name=Sign1 buffer=" .
+			  \ bufnr('%'), 'E474:')
+  call assert_fails("sign unplace 2abc name=Sign1 buffer=" .
+			  \ bufnr('%'), 'E474:')
   call assert_fails("sign unplace 2 *", 'E474:')
-  call assert_fails("exe 'sign place 1 line=3 name=Sign1 buffer=' . bufnr('%') a", 'E488:')
-  call assert_fails("exe 'sign place name=Sign1 buffer=' . bufnr('%')", 'E474:')
-  call assert_fails("exe 'sign place line=10 buffer=' . bufnr('%')", 'E474:')
-  call assert_fails("exe 'sign unplace 2 line=10 buffer=' . bufnr('%')", 'E474:')
-  call assert_fails("exe 'sign unplace 2 name=Sign1 buffer=' . bufnr('%')", 'E474:')
-  call assert_fails("exe 'sign place 2 line=3 buffer=' . bufnr('%')", 'E474:')
+  call assert_fails("sign place 1 line=3 name=Sign1 buffer=" .
+			  \ bufnr('%') . " a", 'E488:')
+  call assert_fails("sign place name=Sign1 buffer=" . bufnr('%'), 'E474:')
+  call assert_fails("sign place line=10 buffer=" . bufnr('%'), 'E474:')
+  call assert_fails("sign unplace 2 line=10 buffer=" . bufnr('%'), 'E474:')
+  call assert_fails("sign unplace 2 name=Sign1 buffer=" . bufnr('%'), 'E474:')
+  call assert_fails("sign place 2 line=3 buffer=" . bufnr('%'), 'E474:')
   call assert_fails("sign place 2", 'E474:')
   call assert_fails("sign place abc", 'E474:')
   call assert_fails("sign place 5 line=3", 'E474:')
@@ -157,7 +162,8 @@ func Test_sign()
   sign undefine Sign1
   sign undefine Sign2
   sign undefine Sign3
-  call assert_fails("exe 'sign place 41 line=3 name=Sign1 buffer=' . bufnr('%')", 'E155:')
+  call assert_fails("sign place 41 line=3 name=Sign1 buffer=" .
+			  \ bufnr('%'), 'E155:')
 endfunc
 
 " Undefining placed sign is not recommended.
@@ -236,33 +242,33 @@ func Test_sign_invalid_commands()
   call assert_fails('sign place 1 buffer=999', 'E158:')
   call assert_fails('sign define Sign2 text=', 'E239:')
   " Non-numeric identifier for :sign place
-  call assert_fails("exe 'sign place abc line=3 name=Sign1 buffer=' . bufnr('%')", 'E474:')
+  call assert_fails("sign place abc line=3 name=Sign1 buffer=" . bufnr('%'), 'E474:')
   " Non-numeric identifier for :sign unplace
-  call assert_fails("exe 'sign unplace abc name=Sign1 buffer=' . bufnr('%')", 'E474:')
+  call assert_fails("sign unplace abc name=Sign1 buffer=" . bufnr('%'), 'E474:')
   " Number followed by an alphabet as sign identifier for :sign place
-  call assert_fails("exe 'sign place 1abc line=3 name=Sign1 buffer=' . bufnr('%')", 'E474:')
+  call assert_fails("sign place 1abc line=3 name=Sign1 buffer=" . bufnr('%'), 'E474:')
   " Number followed by an alphabet as sign identifier for :sign unplace
-  call assert_fails("exe 'sign unplace 2abc name=Sign1 buffer=' . bufnr('%')", 'E474:')
+  call assert_fails("sign unplace 2abc name=Sign1 buffer=" . bufnr('%'), 'E474:')
   " Sign identifier and '*' for :sign unplace
   call assert_fails("sign unplace 2 *", 'E474:')
   " Trailing characters after buffer number for :sign place
-  call assert_fails("exe 'sign place 1 line=3 name=Sign1 buffer=' . bufnr('%') . 'xxx'", 'E488:')
+  call assert_fails("sign place 1 line=3 name=Sign1 buffer=" . bufnr('%') . 'xxx', 'E488:')
   " Trailing characters after buffer number for :sign unplace
-  call assert_fails("exe 'sign unplace 1 buffer=' . bufnr('%') . 'xxx'", 'E488:')
-  call assert_fails("exe 'sign unplace * buffer=' . bufnr('%') . 'xxx'", 'E488:')
+  call assert_fails("sign unplace 1 buffer=" . bufnr('%') . 'xxx', 'E488:')
+  call assert_fails("sign unplace * buffer=" . bufnr('%') . 'xxx', 'E488:')
   call assert_fails("sign unplace 1 xxx", 'E474:')
   call assert_fails("sign unplace * xxx", 'E474:')
   call assert_fails("sign unplace xxx", 'E474:')
   " Placing a sign without line number
-  call assert_fails("exe 'sign place name=Sign1 buffer=' . bufnr('%')", 'E474:')
+  call assert_fails("sign place name=Sign1 buffer=" . bufnr('%'), 'E474:')
   " Placing a sign without sign name
-  call assert_fails("exe 'sign place line=10 buffer=' . bufnr('%')", 'E474:')
+  call assert_fails("sign place line=10 buffer=" . bufnr('%'), 'E474:')
   " Unplacing a sign with line number
-  call assert_fails("exe 'sign unplace 2 line=10 buffer=' . bufnr('%')", 'E474:')
+  call assert_fails("sign unplace 2 line=10 buffer=" . bufnr('%'), 'E474:')
   " Unplacing a sign with sign name
-  call assert_fails("exe 'sign unplace 2 name=Sign1 buffer=' . bufnr('%')", 'E474:')
+  call assert_fails("sign unplace 2 name=Sign1 buffer=" . bufnr('%'), 'E474:')
   " Placing a sign without sign name
-  call assert_fails("exe 'sign place 2 line=3 buffer=' . bufnr('%')", 'E474:')
+  call assert_fails("sign place 2 line=3 buffer=" . bufnr('%'), 'E474:')
   " Placing a sign with only sign identifier
   call assert_fails("sign place 2", 'E474:')
   " Placing a sign with only a name
@@ -574,24 +580,24 @@ func Test_sign_group()
   call sign_unplace('*')
 
   " Test for :sign command and groups
-  exe 'sign place 5 line=10 name=sign1 file=' . fname
-  exe 'sign place 5 group=g1 line=10 name=sign1 file=' . fname
-  exe 'sign place 5 group=g2 line=10 name=sign1 file=' . fname
+  sign place 5 line=10 name=sign1 file=Xsign
+  sign place 5 group=g1 line=10 name=sign1 file=Xsign
+  sign place 5 group=g2 line=10 name=sign1 file=Xsign
 
   " Test for :sign place group={group} file={fname}
-  let a = execute('sign place file=' . fname)
+  let a = execute('sign place file=Xsign')
   call assert_equal("\n--- Signs ---\nSigns for Xsign:\n    line=10  id=5  name=sign1 priority=10\n", a)
 
-  let a = execute('sign place group=g2 file=' . fname)
+  let a = execute('sign place group=g2 file=Xsign')
   call assert_equal("\n--- Signs ---\nSigns for Xsign:\n    line=10  id=5  group=g2  name=sign1 priority=10\n", a)
 
-  let a = execute('sign place group=* file=' . fname)
+  let a = execute('sign place group=* file=Xsign')
   call assert_equal("\n--- Signs ---\nSigns for Xsign:\n" .
 	      \ "    line=10  id=5  group=g2  name=sign1 priority=10\n" .
 	      \ "    line=10  id=5  group=g1  name=sign1 priority=10\n" .
 	      \ "    line=10  id=5  name=sign1 priority=10\n", a)
 
-  let a = execute('sign place group=xyz file=' . fname)
+  let a = execute('sign place group=xyz file=Xsign')
   call assert_equal("\n--- Signs ---\nSigns for Xsign:\n", a)
 
   call sign_unplace('*')
@@ -624,22 +630,22 @@ func Test_sign_group()
 	      \ "    line=12  id=5  group=g2  name=sign1 priority=10\n", a)
 
   " Test for :sign unplace
-  exe 'sign unplace 5 group=g2 file=' . fname
+  sign unplace 5 group=g2 file=Xsign
   call assert_equal([], sign_getplaced(bnum, {'group' : 'g2'})[0].signs)
 
   exe 'sign unplace 5 group=g1 buffer=' . bnum
   call assert_equal([], sign_getplaced(bnum, {'group' : 'g1'})[0].signs)
 
-  exe 'sign unplace 5 group=xy file=' . fname
+  sign unplace 5 group=xy file=Xsign
   call assert_equal(1, len(sign_getplaced(bnum, {'group' : '*'})[0].signs))
 
   " Test for removing all the signs. Place the signs again for this test
-  exe 'sign place 5 group=g1 line=11 name=sign1 file=' . fname
-  exe 'sign place 5 group=g2 line=12 name=sign1 file=' . fname
-  exe 'sign place 6 line=20 name=sign1 file=' . fname
-  exe 'sign place 6 group=g1 line=21 name=sign1 file=' . fname
-  exe 'sign place 6 group=g2 line=22 name=sign1 file=' . fname
-  exe 'sign unplace 5 group=* file=' . fname
+  sign place 5 group=g1 line=11 name=sign1 file=Xsign
+  sign place 5 group=g2 line=12 name=sign1 file=Xsign
+  sign place 6 line=20 name=sign1 file=Xsign
+  sign place 6 group=g1 line=21 name=sign1 file=Xsign
+  sign place 6 group=g2 line=22 name=sign1 file=Xsign
+  sign unplace 5 group=* file=Xsign
   let a = execute('sign place group=*')
   call assert_equal("\n--- Signs ---\nSigns for Xsign:\n" .
 	      \ "    line=20  id=6  name=sign1 priority=10\n" .
@@ -647,17 +653,17 @@ func Test_sign_group()
 	      \ "    line=22  id=6  group=g2  name=sign1 priority=10\n", a)
 
   " Remove all the signs from the global group
-  exe 'sign unplace * file=' . fname
+  sign unplace * file=Xsign
   let a = execute('sign place group=*')
   call assert_equal("\n--- Signs ---\nSigns for Xsign:\n" .
 	      \ "    line=21  id=6  group=g1  name=sign1 priority=10\n" .
 	      \ "    line=22  id=6  group=g2  name=sign1 priority=10\n", a)
 
   " Remove all the signs from a particular group
-  exe 'sign place 5 line=10 name=sign1 file=' . fname
-  exe 'sign place 5 group=g1 line=11 name=sign1 file=' . fname
-  exe 'sign place 5 group=g2 line=12 name=sign1 file=' . fname
-  exe 'sign unplace * group=g1 file=' . fname
+  sign place 5 line=10 name=sign1 file=Xsign
+  sign place 5 group=g1 line=11 name=sign1 file=Xsign
+  sign place 5 group=g2 line=12 name=sign1 file=Xsign
+  sign unplace * group=g1 file=Xsign
   let a = execute('sign place group=*')
   call assert_equal("\n--- Signs ---\nSigns for Xsign:\n" .
 	      \ "    line=10  id=5  name=sign1 priority=10\n" .
@@ -665,26 +671,26 @@ func Test_sign_group()
 	      \ "    line=22  id=6  group=g2  name=sign1 priority=10\n", a)
 
   " Remove all the signs from all the groups in a file
-  exe 'sign place 5 group=g1 line=11 name=sign1 file=' . fname
-  exe 'sign place 6 line=20 name=sign1 file=' . fname
-  exe 'sign place 6 group=g1 line=21 name=sign1 file=' . fname
-  exe 'sign unplace * group=* file=' . fname
+  sign place 5 group=g1 line=11 name=sign1 file=Xsign
+  sign place 6 line=20 name=sign1 file=Xsign
+  sign place 6 group=g1 line=21 name=sign1 file=Xsign
+  sign unplace * group=* file=Xsign
   let a = execute('sign place group=*')
   call assert_equal("\n--- Signs ---\n", a)
 
   " Remove a particular sign id in a group from all the files
-  exe 'sign place 5 group=g1 line=11 name=sign1 file=' . fname
+  sign place 5 group=g1 line=11 name=sign1 file=Xsign
   sign unplace 5 group=g1
   let a = execute('sign place group=*')
   call assert_equal("\n--- Signs ---\n", a)
 
   " Remove a particular sign id in all the groups from all the files
-  exe 'sign place 5 line=10 name=sign1 file=' . fname
-  exe 'sign place 5 group=g1 line=11 name=sign1 file=' . fname
-  exe 'sign place 5 group=g2 line=12 name=sign1 file=' . fname
-  exe 'sign place 6 line=20 name=sign1 file=' . fname
-  exe 'sign place 6 group=g1 line=21 name=sign1 file=' . fname
-  exe 'sign place 6 group=g2 line=22 name=sign1 file=' . fname
+  sign place 5 line=10 name=sign1 file=Xsign
+  sign place 5 group=g1 line=11 name=sign1 file=Xsign
+  sign place 5 group=g2 line=12 name=sign1 file=Xsign
+  sign place 6 line=20 name=sign1 file=Xsign
+  sign place 6 group=g1 line=21 name=sign1 file=Xsign
+  sign place 6 group=g2 line=22 name=sign1 file=Xsign
   sign unplace 5 group=*
   let a = execute('sign place group=*')
   call assert_equal("\n--- Signs ---\nSigns for Xsign:\n" .
@@ -693,14 +699,14 @@ func Test_sign_group()
 	      \ "    line=22  id=6  group=g2  name=sign1 priority=10\n", a)
 
   " Remove all the signs from all the groups in all the files
-  exe 'sign place 5 line=10 name=sign1 file=' . fname
-  exe 'sign place 5 group=g1 line=11 name=sign1 file=' . fname
+  sign place 5 line=10 name=sign1 file=Xsign
+  sign place 5 group=g1 line=11 name=sign1 file=Xsign
   sign unplace * group=*
   let a = execute('sign place group=*')
   call assert_equal("\n--- Signs ---\n", a)
 
   " Error cases
-  call assert_fails("exe 'sign place 3 group= name=sign1 buffer=' . bnum", 'E474:')
+  call assert_fails("sign place 3 group= name=sign1 buffer=" . bnum, 'E474:')
 
   call delete("Xsign")
   call sign_unplace('*')