vim-patch:9.1.0529: silent! causes following try/catch to not work (#29567)

Problem:  silent! causes following try/catch to not work
          (Malcolm Rowe)
Solution: consider emsg_silent in handle_did_throw() and do not abort
          evaluation flow for :silent! (LemonBoy)

The silent! flag causes the evaluation not to be aborted in case of
uncaught exceptions, adjust handle_did_throw to take this detail into
account.

Fixes the long-standing todo.txt item:
```
Problem that a previous silent ":throw" causes a following try/catch not
to work. (ZyX, 2013 Sep 28) With examples: (Malcolm Rowe, 2015 Dec 24)
Also see vim/vim#8487 for an example.
```

fixes: vim/vim#538
closes: vim/vim#15128

https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/749ba0f6d922b3f6b54a66543c214479492b5a0e

Cherry-pick Test_deeply_nested_source() from patch 8.2.5169.

Co-authored-by: LemonBoy <thatlemon@gmail.com>

1 files changed, 7 insertions, 2 deletions

diff --git a/src/nvim/ex_docmd.c b/src/nvim/ex_docmd.c
index a6246afb41..f66464fa3a 100644
--- a/src/nvim/ex_docmd.c
+++ b/src/nvim/ex_docmd.c
@@ -972,8 +972,13 @@ void handle_did_throw(void)
   current_exception->throw_name = NULL;
 
   discard_current_exception();              // uses IObuff if 'verbose'
-  suppress_errthrow = true;
-  force_abort = true;
+
+  // If "silent!" is active the uncaught exception is not fatal.
+  if (emsg_silent == 0) {
+    suppress_errthrow = true;
+    force_abort = true;
+  }
+
   msg_ext_set_kind("emsg");  // kind=emsg for :throw, exceptions. #9993
 
   if (messages != NULL) {