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Diffstat (limited to 'runtime/tutor/en/vim-01-beginner.tutor')
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1 files changed, 109 insertions, 113 deletions
diff --git a/runtime/tutor/en/vim-01-beginner.tutor b/runtime/tutor/en/vim-01-beginner.tutor index 5ae0fde0da..7c0c357e80 100644 --- a/runtime/tutor/en/vim-01-beginner.tutor +++ b/runtime/tutor/en/vim-01-beginner.tutor @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Welcome to the VIM Tutor +# Welcome to the VIM Tutor Vim is a very powerful editor that has many commands, too many to explain in a tutor such as this. This tutor is designed to describe enough of the @@ -21,7 +21,9 @@ This tutorial is interactive, and there are a few things you should know. - Type [<Enter>](<Enter>) on links [like this](holy-grail ) to open the linked help section. - Or simply type [K](K) on any word to find its documentation! - Sometimes you will be required to modify text like -this here + + this here + Once you have done the changes correctly, the ✗ sign at the left will change to ✓. I imagine you can already see how neat Vim can be. ;) Other times, you'll be prompted to run a command (I'll explain this later): @@ -32,7 +34,6 @@ or press a sequence of keys ~~~ normal <Esc>0f<Space>d3wP$P ~~~ - Text within <'s and >'s (like `<Enter>`{normal}) describes a key to press instead of text to type. @@ -48,12 +49,12 @@ Now, move to the next lesson (use the `j`{normal} key to scroll down). j The `j`{normal} key looks like a down arrow. ↓ - 1. Move the cursor around the screen until you are comfortable. + 1. Move the cursor around the screen until you are comfortable. - 2. Hold down the down key (`j`{normal}) until it repeats. - Now you know how to move to the next lesson. + 2. Hold down the down key (`j`{normal}) until it repeats. + Now you know how to move to the next lesson. - 3. Using the down key, move to Lesson 1.2. + 3. Using the down key, move to Lesson 1.2. NOTE: If you are ever unsure about something you typed, press <Esc> to place you in Normal mode. Then retype the command you wanted. @@ -63,8 +64,7 @@ NOTE: The cursor keys should also work. But using hjkl you will be able to # Lesson 1.2: EXITING VIM -!! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, -read this entire lesson !! +!! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read this entire lesson !! 1. Press the <Esc> key (to make sure you are in Normal mode). @@ -72,18 +72,18 @@ read this entire lesson !! `:q!`{vim} `<Enter>`{normal}. - This exits the editor, DISCARDING any changes you have made. + This exits the editor, DISCARDING any changes you have made. 3. Open vim and get back here by executing the command that got you into - this tutor. That might be: + this tutor. That might be: - :Tutor <Enter> + :Tutor <Enter> 4. If you have these steps memorized and are confident, execute steps - 1 through 3 to exit and re-enter the editor. + 1 through 3 to exit and re-enter the editor. NOTE: [:q!](:q) <Enter> discards any changes you made. In a few lessons you - will learn how to save the changes to a file. + will learn how to save the changes to a file. 5. Move the cursor down to Lesson 1.3. @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ NOTE: [:q!](:q) <Enter> discards any changes you made. In a few lessons you 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked ✗. 2. To fix the errors, move the cursor until it is on top of the - character to be deleted. + character to be deleted. 3. Press [the x key](x) to delete the unwanted character. @@ -104,8 +104,9 @@ The ccow jumpedd ovverr thhe mooon. 5. Now that the line is correct, go on to Lesson 1.4. -NOTE: As you go through this tutor, do not try to memorize, learn by - usage. +NOTE: As you go through this tutor, do not try to memorize everything, + your Vim vocabulary will expand with usage. Consider returning to + this tutor periodically for a refresher. # Lesson 1.4: TEXT EDITING: INSERTION @@ -114,12 +115,12 @@ NOTE: As you go through this tutor, do not try to memorize, learn by 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked ✗. 2. To make the first line the same as the second, move the cursor on top - of the first character AFTER where the text is to be inserted. + of the first character AFTER where the text is to be inserted. 3. Press `i`{normal} and type in the necessary additions. 4. As each error is fixed press `<Esc>`{normal} to return to Normal mode. - Repeat steps 2 through 4 to correct the sentence. + Repeat steps 2 through 4 to correct the sentence. There is text misng this . There is some text missing from this line. @@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ There is some text missing from this line. 2. Press [A](A) and type in the necessary additions. 3. As the text has been appended press `<Esc>`{normal} to return to Normal - mode. + mode. 4. Move the cursor to the second line marked ✗ and repeat steps 2 and 3 to correct this sentence. @@ -159,7 +160,7 @@ There is also some text missing here. 2. At the shell prompt type this command: ~~~ sh - $ nvim tutor + $ nvim tutor ~~~ 'nvim' is the command to start the Nvim editor, 'tutor' is the name of the file you wish to edit. Use a file that may be changed. @@ -168,13 +169,12 @@ There is also some text missing here. 4. Save the file with changes and exit Vim with: ~~~ cmd - :wq + :wq ~~~ - Note you'll need to press `<Enter>` to execute the command. 5. If you have quit vimtutor in step 1 restart the vimtutor and move down - to the following summary. + to the following summary. 6. After reading the above steps and understanding them: do it. @@ -184,15 +184,11 @@ There is also some text missing here. h (left) j (down) k (up) l (right) 2. To start Vim from the shell prompt type: - ~~~ sh $ nvim FILENAME ~~~ - - 3. To exit Vim type: `<Esc>`{normal} `:q!`{vim} `<Enter>`{normal} to trash - all changes. - OR type: `<Esc>`{normal} `:wq`{vim} `<Enter>`{normal} to save - the changes. + 3. To exit Vim type: `<Esc>`{normal} `:q!`{vim} `<Enter>`{normal} to trash all changes. + OR type: `<Esc>`{normal} `:wq`{vim} `<Enter>`{normal} to save the changes. 4. To delete the character at the cursor type: `x`{normal} @@ -239,8 +235,7 @@ Somebody typed the end of this line twice. end of this line twice. # Lesson 2.3: ON OPERATORS AND MOTIONS -Many commands that change text are made from an [operator](operator) and -a [motion](navigation). +Many commands that change text are made from an [operator](operator) and a [motion](navigation). The format for a delete command with the [d](d) delete operator is as follows: d motion @@ -318,16 +313,13 @@ it would be easier to simply type two d's to delete a line. ** Press `u`{normal} to undo the last commands, `U`{normal} to fix a whole line. ** - 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked ✗ and place it on the - first error. + 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked ✗ and place it on the first error. 2. Type `x`{normal} to delete the first unwanted character. 3. Now type `u`{normal} to undo the last command executed. 4. This time fix all the errors on the line using the `x`{normal} command. 5. Now type a capital `U`{normal} to return the line to its original state. - 6. Now type `u`{normal} a few times to undo the `U`{normal} and preceding - commands. - 7. Now type `<C-r>`{normal} (Control + R) a few times to redo the commands - (undo the undos). + 6. Now type `u`{normal} a few times to undo the `U`{normal} and preceding commands. + 7. Now type `<C-r>`{normal} (Control + R) a few times to redo the commands. Fiix the errors oon thhis line and reeplace them witth undo. @@ -341,11 +333,14 @@ Fiix the errors oon thhis line and reeplace them witth undo. 4. To repeat a motion prepend it with a number: `2w`{normal} 5. The format for a change command is: - operator [number] motion + + operator [number] motion + where: - operator - is what to do, such as [d](d) for delete - [number] - is an optional count to repeat the motion - motion - moves over the text to operate on, such as: + + operator - is what to do, such as [d](d) for delete + [number] - is an optional count to repeat the motion + motion - moves over the text to operate on, such as: [w](w) (word), [$]($) (to the end of line), etc. @@ -403,8 +398,7 @@ NOTE: Remember that you should be learning by doing, not memorization. 3. Type `ce`{normal} and the correct word (in this case, type "ine" ). - 4. Press `<Esc>`{normal} and move to the next character that needs to be - changed. + 4. Press `<Esc>`{normal} and move to the next character that needs to be changed. 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the first sentence is the same as the second. @@ -419,7 +413,7 @@ Notice that [c](c)e deletes the word and places you in Insert mode. 1. The change operator works in the same way as delete. The format is: - c [number] motion + c [number] motion 2. The motions are the same, such as `w`{normal} (word) and `$`{normal} (end of line). @@ -449,7 +443,7 @@ NOTE: You can use the Backspace key to correct mistakes while typing. 4. The format for change is: - c [number] motion + c [number] motion Now go on to the next lesson. @@ -460,13 +454,13 @@ Now go on to the next lesson. NOTE: Read this entire lesson before executing any of the steps!! - 1. Hold down the `<Ctrl>`{normal} key and press `g`{normal}. We call this - `<C-g>`{normal}. A message will appear at the bottom of the page with the - filename and the position in the file. Remember the line number for - Step 3. + 1. Hold down the `<Ctrl>`{normal} key and press `g`{normal}. We call this `<C-g>`{normal}. + A message will appear at the bottom of the page with the filename and + the position in the file. Remember the line number for Step 3. NOTE: You may see the cursor position in the lower right corner of the screen. This happens when the ['ruler']('ruler') option is set. + 2. Press [G](G) to move you to the bottom of the file. Type [gg](gg) to move you to the start of the file. @@ -482,17 +476,16 @@ NOTE: You may see the cursor position in the lower right corner of the 1. In Normal mode type the `/`{normal} character. Notice that it and the cursor appear at the bottom of the screen as with the `:`{normal} command. - 2. Now type 'errroor' `<Enter>`{normal}. This is the word you want to search - for. + 2. Now type 'errroor' `<Enter>`{normal}. This is the word you want to search for. 3. To search for the same phrase again, simply type [n](n). To search for the same phrase in the opposite direction, type [N](N). - 4. To search for a phrase in the backward direction, use [?](?) instead - of `/`{normal}. + 4. To search for a phrase in the backward direction, use [?](?) instead of `/`{normal}. - 5. To go back to where you came from press `<C-o>`{normal} (keep `<Ctrl>`{normal} pressed down while pressing the letter `o`{normal}). Repeat to go back - further. `<C-i>`{normal} goes forward. + 5. To go back to where you came from press `<C-o>`{normal}. + (keep `<Ctrl>`{normal} pressed down while pressing the letter `o`{normal}). + Repeat to go back further. `<C-i>`{normal} goes forward. "errroor" is not the way to spell error; errroor is an error. @@ -525,16 +518,14 @@ NOTE: This is very useful in debugging a program with unmatched parentheses! 2. Type ~~~ cmd - :s/thee/the/ + :s/thee/the/ ~~~ - - NOTE that the [:s](:s) command only changed the first occurrence of "thee" in the line. + NOTE: the [:s](:s) command only changed the first match of "thee" in the line. 3. Now type ~~~ cmd - :s/thee/the/g + :s/thee/the/g ~~~ - Adding the g [flag](:s_flags) means to substitute globally in the line, change all occurrences of "thee" in the line. @@ -542,20 +533,20 @@ Usually thee best time to see thee flowers is in thee spring. 4. To change every occurrence of a character string between two lines, type ~~~ cmd - :#,#s/old/new/g + :#,#s/old/new/g ~~~ where #,# are the line numbers of the range of lines where the substitution is to be done. Type ~~~ cmd - :%s/old/new/g + :%s/old/new/g ~~~ to change every occurrence in the whole file. Type ~~~ cmd - :%s/old/new/gc + :%s/old/new/gc ~~~ to find every occurrence in the whole file, with a prompt whether to substitute or not. @@ -564,7 +555,7 @@ Usually thee best time to see thee flowers is in thee spring. 1. `<C-g>`{normal} displays your location and the file status. `G`{normal} moves to the end of the file. - number `G`{normal} moves to that line number. + number `G`{normal} moves to that line number. `gg`{normal} moves to the first line. 2. Typing `/`{normal} followed by a phrase searches FORWARD for the phrase. @@ -643,7 +634,6 @@ NOTE: If you were to exit Vim and start it again with `nvim TEST`, the file ~~~ cmd :!rm TEST ~~~ - # Lesson 5.3: SELECTING TEXT TO WRITE ** To save part of the file, type `v`{normal} motion `:w FILENAME`{vim}. ** @@ -655,7 +645,7 @@ NOTE: If you were to exit Vim and start it again with `nvim TEST`, the file 3. Press the `:`{normal} character. At the bottom of the screen - :'<,'> + `:'<,'>`{vim} will appear. @@ -669,12 +659,12 @@ NOTE: If you were to exit Vim and start it again with `nvim TEST`, the file before you press `<Enter>`{normal}. - 5. Vim will write the selected lines to the file TEST. Use `:!ls`{vim} to see it. Do not remove it yet! We will use it in the next lesson. + 5. Vim will write the selected lines to the file TEST. Use `:!ls`{vim} to see it. + Do not remove it yet! We will use it in the next lesson. -NOTE: Pressing [v](v) starts [Visual selection](visual-mode). You can move - the cursor around to make the selection bigger or smaller. Then you can - use an operator to do something with the text. For example, `d`{normal} - deletes the text. +NOTE: Pressing [v](v) starts [Visual selection](visual-mode). You can move the cursor around to + make the selection bigger or smaller. Then you can use an operator to + do something with the text. For example, `d`{normal} deletes the text. # Lesson 5.4: RETRIEVING AND MERGING FILES @@ -689,8 +679,8 @@ NOTE: After executing Step 2 you will see text from Lesson 5.3. Then move `:r TEST`{vim} - where TEST is the name of the file you used. - The file you retrieve is placed below the cursor line. + where TEST is the name of the file you used. + The file you retrieve is placed below the cursor line. 3. To verify that a file was retrieved, cursor back and notice that there are now two copies of Lesson 5.3, the original and the file version. @@ -706,20 +696,20 @@ NOTE: You can also read the output of an external command. For example, 1. [:!command](:!cmd) executes an external command. Some useful examples are: - `:!ls`{vim} - shows a directory listing - `:!rm FILENAME`{vim} - removes file FILENAME + `:!ls`{vim} - shows a directory listing + `:!rm FILENAME`{vim} - removes file FILENAME - 2. [:w](:w) FILENAME writes the current Vim file to disk with - name FILENAME. + 2. [:w](:w) FILENAME writes the current Vim file to disk with + name FILENAME. 3. [v](v) motion :w FILENAME saves the Visually selected lines in file FILENAME. - 4. [:r](:r) FILENAME retrieves disk file FILENAME and puts it - below the cursor position. + 4. [:r](:r) FILENAME retrieves disk file FILENAME and puts it + below the cursor position. - 5. [:r !dir](:r!) reads the output of the dir command and - puts it below the cursor position. + 5. [:r !dir](:r!) reads the output of the dir command and + puts it below the cursor position. # Lesson 6.1: THE OPEN COMMAND @@ -747,14 +737,11 @@ Open up a line above this by typing O while the cursor is on this line. 2. Press `e`{normal} until the cursor is on the end of "li". - 3. Type the lowercase letter `a`{normal} to [append](a) text AFTER the - cursor. + 3. Type the lowercase letter `a`{normal} to [append](a) text AFTER the cursor. - 4. Complete the word like the line below it. Press `<Esc>`{normal} to exit - Insert mode. + 4. Complete the word like the line below it. Press `<Esc>`{normal} to exit Insert mode. - 5. Use `e`{normal} to move to the next incomplete word and repeat steps 3 - and 4. + 5. Use `e`{normal} to move to the next incomplete word and repeat steps 3 and 4. This li will allow you to pract appendi text to a line. This line will allow you to practice appending text to a line. @@ -767,21 +754,21 @@ NOTE: [a](a), [i](i) and [A](A) all go to the same Insert mode, the only ** Type a capital `R`{normal} to replace more than one character. ** 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked ✗. Move the cursor to - the beginning of the first "xxx". + the beginning of the first "xxx". 2. Now press `R`{normal} ([capital R](R)) and type the number below it in the - second line, so that it replaces the "xxx". + second line, so that it replaces the "xxx". 3. Press `<Esc>`{normal} to leave [Replace mode](mode-replace). Notice that - the rest of the line remains unmodified. + the rest of the line remains unmodified. 4. Repeat the steps to replace the remaining "xxx". Adding 123 to xxx gives you xxx. Adding 123 to 456 gives you 579. -NOTE: Replace mode is like Insert mode, but every typed character deletes an - existing character. +NOTE: Replace mode is like Insert mode, but every typed character + deletes an existing character. # Lesson 6.4: COPY AND PASTE TEXT @@ -875,17 +862,17 @@ NOTE: If you want to ignore case for just one search command, use [\c](/\c) ~~~ cmd :set invic ~~~ - # Lesson 7.1: GETTING HELP ** Use the on-line help system. ** -Vim has a comprehensive on-line help system. To get started, try one of -these three: - - press the `<HELP>`{normal} key (if you have one) - - press the `<F1>`{normal} key (if you have one) - - type - `:help`{vim} +Vim has a comprehensive on-line help system. + +To get started, try one of these three: + + - press the `<HELP>`{normal} key (if you have one) + - press the `<F1>`{normal} key (if you have one) + - type `:help`{vim} Read the text in the help window to find out how the help works. Type `<C-w><C-w>`{normal} to jump from one window to another. @@ -907,10 +894,12 @@ Vim has many more features than Vi, but most of them are disabled by default. To start using more features you have to create a "vimrc" file. 1. Start editing the "vimrc" file. + `:call mkdir(stdpath('config'),'p')`{vim} `:exe 'edit' stdpath('config').'/init.vim'`{vim} 2. Write the file with: + `:w`{vim} You can add all your preferred settings to this "vimrc" file. @@ -924,17 +913,15 @@ default. To start using more features you have to create a "vimrc" file. 2. Type the start of a command: `:e`{vim} - 3. Press `<C-d>`{normal} and Vim will show a list of commands that start - with "e". + 3. Press `<C-d>`{normal} and Vim will show a list of commands beginning with "e". 4. Press `<Tab>`{normal} and Vim will complete the command name to ":edit". 5. Now add a space and the start of an existing file name: `:edit FIL`{vim} - 6. Press `<Tab>`{normal}. Vim will complete the name (if it is unique). + 6. Press `<Tab>`{normal}. Vim will complete the name ("FIL" -> "FILE", if it is unique). -NOTE: Completion works for many commands. It is especially useful for - `:help`{vim}. +NOTE: Completion works for many commands. It is especially useful for `:help`{vim}. # Lesson 7 SUMMARY @@ -950,7 +937,7 @@ NOTE: Completion works for many commands. It is especially useful for 5. Create a vimrc startup script to keep your preferred settings. 6. While in command mode, press `<C-d>`{normal} to see possible completions. - Press `<Tab>`{normal} to use one completion. + Press `<Tab>`{normal} to use one completion. # CONCLUSION @@ -961,13 +948,20 @@ many many more commands. Consult the help often. There are many resources online to learn more about vim. Here's a bunch of them: -- *Learn Vim Progressively*: http://yannesposito.com/Scratch/en/blog/Learn-Vim-Progressively/ -- *Learning Vim in 2014*: http://benmccormick.org/learning-vim-in-2014/ -- *Vimcasts*: http://vimcasts.org/ -- *Vim Video-Tutorials by Derek Wyatt*: http://derekwyatt.org/vim/tutorials/ -- *Learn Vimscript the Hard Way*: http://learnvimscriptthehardway.stevelosh.com/ -- *7 Habits of Effective Text Editing*: http://www.moolenaar.net/habits.html -- *vim-galore*: https://github.com/mhinz/vim-galore +- *Learn Vim Progressively*: + http://yannesposito.com/Scratch/en/blog/Learn-Vim-Progressively/ +- *Learning Vim in 2013*: + http://benmccormick.org/learning-vim-in-2014/ +- *Vimcasts*: + http://vimcasts.org/ +- *Vim Video-Tutorials by Derek Wyatt*: + http://derekwyatt.org/vim/tutorials/ +- *Learn Vimscript the Hard Way*: + http://learnvimscriptthehardway.stevelosh.com/ +- *7 Habits of Effective Text Editing*: + http://www.moolenaar.net/habits.html +- *vim-galore*: + https://github.com/mhinz/vim-galore If you prefer a book, *Practical Vim* by Drew Neil is recommended often (the sequel, *Modern Vim*, includes material specific to nvim). @@ -978,3 +972,5 @@ University. E-mail: bware@mines.colorado.edu. Modified for Vim by Bram Moolenaar. Modified for vim-tutor-mode by Felipe Morales. + +// vim: nowrap |